Bachelor's Degree - Wikipedia Is A Bachelor's Degree Higher Education

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A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by virtue of colleges and universities upon conclusion concerning a road concerning study lasting three to seven years (depending on centre and academic discipline). In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can sole exist fascinated while that} graduate or postgraduate degrees after of|following|subsequent to} a introductory measure has been completed. In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are generally particular concerning the important levels in the system (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), even though some qualifications blue-blooded bachelor's degrees may exist at other levels (e.g., MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may exist classified while that} bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).

The term bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too juvenile or poor to assemble vassals under his private banner. By the ending concerning the 13th century, it was plus not new by virtue of minor members concerning guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the term baccalaureus came to exist leagued with bacca lauri ("laurel berry") in reference to laurels body awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} scholastic triumph or honours.^[1]

Under the British system, and those influenced by virtue of it, undergraduate scholastic degrees are differentiated mid of} honours degrees (sometimes denoted by virtue of the complement concerning "(Hons)" after of|following|subsequent to} the measure abbreviation) and non-honours degrees (known variously while that} pass degrees, ordinary degrees or general degrees).^[2]

An honours measure mainly requires a higher scholastic calibre than a go by or past degree, and in some systems an new year concerning study on the far side of the non-honours bachelor's. Some countries, such while that} Australia, New Zealand and Canada, own a postgraduate "bachelor with honours" degree. This may exist fascinated while that} a consecutive scholastic degree, ongoing on from the conclusion concerning a bachelor's measure program in the similar field, or while that} part concerning an united honours program. These programs typically need conclusion concerning a full-year elongated analysis thesis project.

Variations[edit]

Africa[edit]

In nearly all African countries, the university systems follow the representation concerning their former colonizing power. For example, the Nigerian university structure is uniform to the British system, at the same time as the Ivorian structure is akin to the French.

Algeria[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in Algerian universities are called "الليسانس" in Arabic or la licence in French; the measure generally takes three years to complete and is a part concerning the LMD ("license", "master", "doctorate") reform, students can enroll in a bachelor's measure program in contrasting fields concerning study after of|following|subsequent to} having obtained their baccalauréat (the nationwide subordinate training test). The measure is typically alike to the program concerning France's universities, while that} specified in the LMD reform. Bachelor's measure programs conceal nearly all concerning the fields in Algerian universities, saving some fields, such while that} Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science.

Botswana[edit]

Bachelor's degrees at the University concerning Botswana generally grip well years. The structure draws on both British and American models. Degrees are classified while that} First Class, Second Class Division One (2:1), Second Class Division Two (2:2) and Third while that} in English degrees, though without body described while that} honours. The main degrees are called by virtue of British tradition (Arts, Science, Law, etc.), though in just gone years there own been a figure concerning degrees called after of|following|subsequent to} characteristic subjects, such while that} Bachelor concerning Library and Information.

Morocco[edit]

In Morocco, a bachelor's measure is referred to while that} al-ʾijāzah (Arabic, French: licence). The road concerning study takes three years, which are more distant divided into two cycles. The introductory round comprises the first, or propaedeutic, year. After in triumph completing their introductory two years, students can pursue either theoretical specialization (études fondamentales) or skilled specialization (études professionnelles). The succeeding round is particular year after of|following|subsequent to} whose conclusion students pick up the licence d'études fondamentales or the licence professionnelle.^[3] This scholastic measure structure was introduced in September 2003.^[4]

Nigeria[edit]

University admission is extremely competitive, with attendant advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, it takes well to five years to complete a bachelor's degree. In cases concerning poor performance, the season limit is doubled the calibre lot concerning time. For example, particular may not study happen on the needs of|on behalf of} additional than 10 years happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a five-year course. Students are generally asked to leave assuming they must grip longer. Nigerian universities offer B.Sc., B.Tech. (usually from Universities concerning Technology), B.Arch. (six years), and other comprehensive undergraduate degrees, such while that} B.Eng. Science undergraduate degrees may need six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES (Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme) though it is normally mandatory happen on the needs of|on behalf of} all amount|everything|the whole|the total} engineering degrees. A semester happen on the needs of|on behalf of} scheme work/thesis is required, not excluding road work, during the bachelor thesis in the final year. The classifications concerning degrees: first-class, inferior (upper and lower), third-class (with honours; i.e., B.Sc. (Hons)) and a go by or past (no honours). First- and inferior graduates are immediately eligible happen on the needs of|on behalf of} modern postgraduate degrees (i.e., M.Sc. and Ph.D.), though other classes may exist mandatory happen on the needs of|on behalf of} an new postgraduate qualification progress of} such eligibility.^[5]

Furthermore, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} graduating students are obliged to carry out the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) requirement, which normally takes particular year, after of|following|subsequent to} which they are eligible to pursue higher degrees. The NYSC is a paramilitary facility that involves students' body posted to contrasting parts concerning the country to serve in various capacities. Principal objectives concerning the NYSC are to forge nationwide cohesion, comfort students to appeal their obtained knowledge to solving problems concerning rural Nigeria, and others. The NYSC was established by virtue of charter after of|following|subsequent to} the Nigerian Civil War.^[6]

Polytechnical schools (polytechnics) in Nigeria are not considered universities. They are mandated to educate technicians concerning soaring calibre; they offer the OND (ordinary nationwide diploma) and the HND (higher nationwide diploma). The polytechnics focal point highly strongly on practical skilled training. The B.Sc. and HND are compared in engineering circles, though there are significant differences in grounding philosophies.

Honours degrees in Nigeria are differentiated sole on the system concerning performance. Honours degrees involve the first-class degree, inferior degrees (upper and lower) and the third-class degree, though not the pass. All university students must carry out an unconnected analysis scheme which applies the knowledge obtained during the previous years concerning study.

The scheme be employed must exist submitted in the semester progress of} grade and normally takes a significant figure concerning points. Further road be employed is not precluded during the scheme work, though the courses are fewer and are at an modern level. Project be employed is orally defended progress of} the ability and progress of} peers. In the sciences and engineering a demonstration concerning the scheme is normally required. The exceptions are theoretical work, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} which a media scheme is required.

South Africa[edit]

In South Africa, an honours measure is an new postgraduate qualification in the similar quarter while that} the undergraduate major, and requires at least particular more distant year concerning study while that} well while that} a analysis report.

Tunisia[edit]

In Tunisia, a bachelor's measure is referred to while that} al-ʾijāzah in Arabic, or la license in French; the measure takes three years to complete and is a part concerning the LMD (license, master, doctorat) reform, students can enroll in a bachelor's measure program in contrasting fields concerning study after of|following|subsequent to} having obtained their baccalauréat (the nationwide subordinate training test). The measure is typically alike to the program concerning France's universities, while that} specified in the LMD reform. Most universities in Tunisia offer the 3-year bachelor's degree, saving some fields, which are Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, Architecture and Bachelor concerning Science in Business Administration, solely offered by virtue of Tunis Business School and lasts 4 years.^[7]

Kenya[edit]

In Kenya, university training is supported by virtue of the government,.^[8] A bachelor's measure is awarded to students who in triumph complete a three to seven-year road depending on the quarter concerning study. For nearly all measure programs, a analysis scheme and an internship period after of|following|subsequent to} which a announce is written by virtue of the scholar is a must progress of} the scholar is allowed to graduate. In 2012, a figure concerning prefer colleges were upgraded to university grade in a bid to extend the intake concerning students into measure programs.^[9]

Asia[edit]

Bangladesh[edit]

In Bangladesh, universities and colleges present with three- and four-year degrees (three-year degrees courses are called go by or past courses and four-year measure courses are called honours courses) in area of study and industry (B.Sc., B.B.S., B.B.A., four-year and three months^{[clarification needed]}, etc.) and three- and four-year degrees in arts (B.A., B.S.S., etc.). Engineering universities provide four-year measure programs happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor's measure courses concerning study (B.Sc. in Eng and B.Sc.). Medical colleges own five-year measure programmes (MBBS, BDS). In charter training there is a two-year LL.B. measure after of|following|subsequent to} completing three years in a B.A. program happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a grand total concerning five years concerning study. There is plus a four-year LL.B. honours degree. The Bachelor concerning Architecture (B.Arch.) and Bachelor concerning Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) are professional degrees awarded to students who complete a five-year road concerning study in the meadow at some universities. All concerning these programs commence after of|following|subsequent to} achieving the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC—in grand total 12 years concerning college education).

China[edit]

Since the undergraduate education structure in China is modeled after of|following|subsequent to} its American counterpart, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} the degrees are adapted from those concerning the United States excepting the release concerning the measure certificate. Once a scholar has fulfilled his/her road requirements, a graduate warrant drive exist given. In charge to wax the degree, a scholar must finish and go by or past the dissertation stage; sole at that moment drive he or she exist awarded a measure credentialed by virtue of the Ministry concerning Education concerning the People's Republic concerning China. Four years concerning training is the calibre length, even though some private small colleges not credentialed by virtue of the Ministry concerning Education carry out offer three-year programs. Normally, about 90% concerning graduates are able to get a degree; however, no measure is awarded with distinction or honor. It is plus referred to while that} a "Xueshi" (学士).

Fiji[edit]

The colonial relationship and the foundation concerning the University concerning the South Pacific in 1968 allowed the training structure to follow suit from the document structure concerning the Commonwealth. University concerning the South Pacific is the sole university in the Oceania region to exist internationally recognized external Australia and New Zealand with its bachelor's and other awards program. It is plus the highest ranked in the university league table in the isle region and plus ranked above some Australian universities like the University concerning Canberra, University concerning Sunshine Coast and New Zealand universities like Lincoln University and Waikato Institute concerning Technology.^[10]

India[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in India generally grip 3 years concerning study to complete, even though courses like B.E./B.Tech. or MBBS grip longer. A BE/BTech normally takes 4 years, at the same time as an MBBS normally takes 5 years to complete. Most concerning the Science, Commerce, and Arts degrees are honours degrees with electives chosen by virtue of the student.

Common bachelor's degrees and abbreviations:

• Bachelor concerning Arts: BA
• Bachelor concerning Business Administration: BBA
• Bachelor concerning Science: BSc
• Bachelor concerning Commerce: Bcom
• Bachelor concerning Computer Applications: BCA
• Bachelor concerning Laws: LLB
• Bachelor concerning Engineering: BE
• Bachelor concerning Technology: BTech
• Bachelor concerning Education: BEd (BEd degrees are offered after of|following|subsequent to} conclusion concerning a 3-year undergraduate coursework.)
• Bachelor concerning Medicine, Bachelor concerning Surgery: MBBS

For scholastic grading structure in India, deliver to this page.

Students normally embark upon their Bachelor's after of|following|subsequent to} completing their Secondary School coursework(also famous while that} +2) from a country or private board.

Iran[edit]

In Iran, students can study contrasting undergraduate or postgraduate courses major to a BSc or an MSc that is recognised and equivalent to uniform qualifications specified in other countries. There are basically two important type concerning universities in Iran, population universities and non-public universities. Most concerning non-public universities in Iran are part concerning Islamic Azad University, which own branches in all amount|everything|the whole|the total} cities through Iran. In Iran, the population universities own seriously higher standing than the non-public ones and getting an admittance to particular concerning them is additional difficult. Students can plus provide well years concerning training major to a B.Sc.

Indonesia[edit]

In Indonesia, nearly all concerning the flow bachelor's degrees are domain-specific degrees. Therefore, there are probably additional than 20 bachelor's degrees. For instance, S.Psi happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Psikologi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Psychology/B.Psy., B.A."), S.T. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Teknik (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Engineering"), S.Si. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Sains (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Science"), S.Farm happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Farmasi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Pharmacy"), S.E happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Ekonomi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Economy"), S.Kom. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Ilmu Komputer (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Computer Science"), or S.Sos. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Sarjana Ilmu Sosial (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Social Sciences"). In the past, the Indonesian scholastic structure adopted the ancient European/western degrees, such while that} the Ir (insinyur from Dutch ingenieur) happen on the needs of|on behalf of} an engineering measure and the daily scholastic measure (doktorandus from Dutch and ultimately Latin doctorandus) happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a measure in either collective or reasonable sciences.

Jordan[edit]

Since the undergraduate education structure in Jordan is modeled after of|following|subsequent to} its American counterpart, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} the degrees are adapted from those concerning the United States excepting the release concerning the measure certificate. Once a scholar has fulfilled his/her road requirements, a graduate warrant drive exist given. In charge to wax the degree, a scholar must finish and go by or past the dissertation stage; sole at that moment drive he or she exist awarded a measure credentialed by virtue of the Ministry concerning Higher Education concerning the Hashemite Kingdom concerning Jordan. Four years concerning training is the calibre length.

Nepal[edit]

In Nepal, the bachelor's measure was initially a three-year program happen on the needs of|on behalf of} courses like Bachelor concerning Business Studies (B.B.S.), Bachelor concerning Sciences (B.Sc.)., Bachelor concerning Education (B.Ed.), Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A.) from Tribhuvan University, Pokhara University, Purbanchal University and Kathmandu University though now it is principally a four-year program happen on the needs of|on behalf of} recent courses like Bachelor concerning Business Administration (B.B.A.), Bachelor concerning Business Information System (B.B.I.S.), Bachelor concerning Information Management (B.I.M.), Bachelor concerning Engineering (B.E.), Bachelor concerning Science in Computer Studies and Information Technology (B.Sc).C.S.I.T. Some bachelor's programs are motionless three years long, such while that} the Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A) and Bachelor concerning Education (B.Ed). It is completed after of|following|subsequent to} 10+2 standard (High School) or Diploma or any other equivalent standard concerning studies. Bachelor concerning Business Administration (B.B.A), Bachelor concerning Information Management (B.I.M.), Bachelor concerning Business Information Systems (B.B.I.S.), Bachelor concerning Engineering, and Bachelor concerning Science in Computer Science and Information Technology (B.Sc.C.S.I.T.) are a not many favoured bachelor's measure programs. B.Sc. and B.B.Sc. own not long ago turned into four-year programs from three-year programs. In Nepal, Tribhuvan University while that} an oldest and biggest University based on figure concerning scholar and scholastic department, Kathmandu University, Purbanchal University, Pokhara University, Nepal Sanskrit University and other recent regional universities are operating currently. M.B.A. and B.B.A. from all amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities are examined below the structure concerning percentage and G.P.A, and established university courses are accessed on dividing base like go by or past division, succeeding division, introductory dividing and distinction. In Nepal, there is no top up, honors and exchange or allied tie up measure courses authorized and practiced by virtue of Nepalese Government and other educational institutions, though today, affiliation with overseas universities, online and distance study are favoured with the juvenile modern working population. M.B.A., B.B.A., B. Pharmacy, B. Sc. Nursing, Bachelor concerning Nursing (B.N.), B. E. are in soaring skilled demand in Nepalese market. For admission in a University, a compulsory admission assess specified by virtue of the respective University is to exist passed by virtue of a scholar in charge to wax arrangement in an affiliated college concerning that University happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the characteristic issue category. In the test, a particular allocation is plus awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} females and disadvantaged groups to cause diversity and equality.

Malaysia[edit]

Institutes concerning higher study in Malaysia provide three or well years concerning training major to a B.Sc. Hons Degree. The standards concerning categorization is approaching consistent with of} Malaysian Universities. Candidates who excel in their scholastic results drive exist awarded a First Class Bachelor Hons Degree (usually 3.67 CGPA and above), followed by virtue of Class Second Upper (usually mid of} 3.00–3.66 CGPA), Class Second Lower (usually 2.50–2.99 CGPA), Class Three (usually 2.00–2.49 CGPA) and General Degree (Without Honours), happen on the needs of|on behalf of} normally 1.99 and below CGPA candidates.

Pakistan[edit]

In Pakistan, arts, commerce, and area of study colleges provide four-year bachelor's degrees (BA, BSc, BBA, BCom, etc.). Generally these programs are concerning well years duration while that} hence in the globe and commence after of|following|subsequent to} completing higher subordinate college training by virtue of receiving a Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) acknowledging one's twelve years concerning study by virtue of the respective board. After successful conclusion concerning these programs, a bachelor's measure is awarded by virtue of the respective university. Engineering and medical colleges provide four- and five-year measure programs, respectively, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor's degrees (BE/BS/BSc Engg and MBBS) that plus commence after of|following|subsequent to} higher subordinate college year 12. The Bachelor concerning Architecture (BArch) measure program is concerning five years' duration.

Philippines[edit]

In the Philippines, where the term "course" is commonly not new to deliver to a bachelor's measure major, road concerning study or program, a figure of undergraduate categories exist—the two nearly all daily degrees awarded body Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.) and Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A. or A.B.). Specializations ("majors") in economics, industry administration, collective work, agriculture, nursing, accountancy, building and engineering are offered while that} B.S. degrees in nearly all colleges and universities. The latter three specializations need five years concerning schooling, in difference to the calibre concerning well years. Other daily degrees are Bachelor in Education (B.Ed.) and Bachelor concerning Laws (LL.B., a skilled degree). Being patterned after of|following|subsequent to} the United States, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities and colleges offer grade with honors—cum laude, magna cum laude, and summa cum laude.

Republic concerning Korea[edit]

Universities, colleges, and institutions concerning higher study provide the bachelor's degree, called 'haksa' (Korean: 학사). For example, a university scholar who majored in literature and graduates obtains a B.A., called 'munhaksa' (Korean: 문학사). Even assuming he or she does not move to an centre concerning higher learning, a person can wax a bachelor's measure through the Bachelor's Degree Examination happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Self-Education.

Sri Lanka[edit]

Recognised institutes concerning higher study sole are authorised to present with degrees in Sri Lanka. Three years full-time bachelor's measure without an quarter concerning specialization is famous while that} a popular degree. A measure with a specialization (in accounting, chemistry, plant biotechnology, zoology, physics, engineering, IT, law, etc.) is famous while that} an honours measure and requires well years (120 credits or more) concerning study and additional entrance qualifications. A measure in medicine, an M.B.B.Sc., requires a smallest concerning six years.

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

In Australia, a "bachelor degree"^[11] is generally a three to four-year program, major to a document at standard 7 concerning the Australian Qualifications Framework.^[12] Entry to a figure concerning professions, such while that} charter custom and teaching, need a bachelor's measure (a 'professional' degree). Other degrees, such while that} Bachelor concerning Arts don't necessarily elicit admittance into a profession, gospel (truth) that} countless organisations need a bachelor's measure happen on the needs of|on behalf of} employment.

A one-year postgraduate bachelor honours degree at can exist achieved while that} a consecutive stand-alone road ensuing a bachelor's measure in the similar field, or while that} an new year while that} part concerning a bachelor's measure program.^[12] The honours road is generally sole open to those who carry out well in their bachelor's measure program and involves study at a additional modern standard than that bachelor's degree.^[13] Both the bachelor and bachelor honours degrees are aligned with standard 6 concerning the EQF, the similar while that} British and Irish bachelor's degrees with and without honours, and other Bologna Process introductory round qualifications.^[14]

Some bachelor's degrees (e.g. engineering and environmental science) involve an united honours measure while that} part concerning a four-year program. Honours is mainly happen on the needs of|on behalf of} students who want to grip up a analysis path happen on the needs of|on behalf of} postgraduate studies, and increasingly happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those who want an extra edge in the position market. Marking scales happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Honours differ; generally, First Class Honours (85–100%) denotes an excellent calibre concerning achievement; Second Class Division 1 (75–84%) a soaring standard; Second Class Division 2 (65–74%) a good standard; Third Class (50–64%) satisfactory standard; a final stain below 50% is a fail concerning the course.

Bachelor honours degrees involve a important Independent analysis component, allowing students to advance skills that drive enable them to make a start to more distant study or to be employed in analysis roles in industry.^[15] First-class or inferior (upper division) honours are mainly mandatory happen on the needs of|on behalf of} admittance into doctoral programs (e.g. PhDs, etc.); an alternative route to doctoral study is process of} a "masters degree".^[16][17]

New Zealand[edit]

In New Zealand, sole recognised institutions—usually universities and polytechnics—have degree-awarding powers.

Most bachelor's degrees are three years full-time, though positive degrees, such while that} the Bachelor concerning Laws and the Bachelor concerning Engineering degrees, need well years concerning study. A Bachelor with Honours is a program concerning well years duration (e.g., Bachelor concerning Arts with Honours). A Bachelor concerning Medicine measure requires a smallest concerning six years.

Where students opt to study two bachelor's degrees simultaneously—referred to while that} a "conjoint degree" or "double degree"—an extra year concerning study is added. The figure concerning years concerning study mandatory is determined based on the measure with the greatest figure concerning years. For example, a B.Com. measure requires three years concerning full-time study, though a doubled B.Com.–LL.B. measure drive need five years concerning full-time study as the LL.B. measure is well years long. Exceptional students may choose to complete a measure in a shorter lot concerning season by virtue of taking on extra courses, normally with the help concerning summer school. Students who complete a doubled measure program drive own two particular bachelor's degrees at the ending concerning their studies.

Consistently high-performing students may plus exist invited to complete the 'honours' program. The Bachelor with Honours normally requires an extra year concerning study with an extra honours thesis/dissertation. This measure is considered to fall mid of} the bachelor's and master's levels on the European Qualifications Framework.^[18] An honours present with is indicated by virtue of the complement concerning "Hons." to the measure title or abbreviation (for example, "Bachelor concerning Laws (Hons.)"). Some honours measure courses plus offer a postgraduate diploma (PGDip) while that} an exit qualification, which often consists concerning the similar workload though with other flexibility. A PGDip does not normally need a dissertation. However, the scholar may complete particular assuming desired. A qualification present with is indicated by virtue of "PGDip" and the measure meadow (for example, "PGDipArts" or "PGDipScience".

The Americas[edit]

Usually the region presents Associates, Bachelor's, Master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral degrees.

Canada[edit]

Education in Canada is governed on your own by virtue of every one section and territory, however a daily system happen on the needs of|on behalf of} degrees was agreed by virtue of the Council concerning Ministers concerning Education, Canada in 2007. This adopted descriptors happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees that were deliberately uniform to those defined by virtue of the Bologna Process.^[19]

Under the framework, well popular forms concerning bachelor's measure are defined: popular programs providing a broad training and preparing graduates happen on the needs of|on behalf of} graduate-entry skilled programs or business generally; in-depth scholastic programs in a characteristic issue that prepare graduates happen on the needs of|on behalf of} postgraduate study in the meadow or business generally; applied programs that concentrate on a mastery concerning custom instead of than knowledge; and skilled programs, often (but not exclusively) graduate-entry, that prepare graduates to custom while that} professionals in a characteristic field. This most recent grouping included graduate-entry degrees blue-blooded while that} assuming they were doctorates, such while that} MD, JD and DDS degrees – in the face of their names, these are considered bachelor's degrees.^[19]

Bachelor's degrees may grip either three or well years to complete and are awarded by virtue of colleges and universities. In countless universities and colleges bachelor's degrees are differentiated either while that} bachelor's or while that} honours bachelor's degrees. The term "Honours" is an scholastic distinction, which indicates that students must accomplish their bachelor's measure with a sufficiently soaring overall class point average; in addition, some programs may need additional training than non-honours programs. The honours degrees are occasionally designated with the abbreviation in brackets concerning '(Hon(s))'.

Going back in history, the Bachelor with Honours (Latin baccalaureatus cum honore, French baccalauréat spécialisé) was traditionally fascinated while that} the highest undergraduate degree. The program requires at least 4 years concerning studies, with strong emphasis on the research-based Honours Seminar Thesis which is considered approximately equivalent to a serious master's thesis. Universities show the academic degree while that} well while that} the viable honours distinction (Latin honors) on the Diploma (e.g., "BACCALAUREATUS ARTIUM CUM HONORE ... CUM LAUDE").

In Quebec, students own to move through a smallest concerning two years concerning college progress of} entering, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} example, a three-year Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.) or a four-year Bachelor concerning Engineering (B.Eng.) program. As a consequence, there is no de jure "honors degree" (although some universities mart some concerning their programs while that} body de facto honors degrees in their English-language materials^{[citation needed]}), though there are some specializations called "concentrations" in French, which are principally fascinated while that} optional courses.

In the section concerning Ontario, the vast mass concerning bachelor's degrees offered by virtue of Ontario universities are scholastic in nature. On the other hand, Ontario provincial legislation requires bachelor's degrees offered by virtue of Ontario colleges to exist applied and vocationally-focused.^[20]

United States[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in the United States are typically designed to exist completed in well years concerning full-time study, even though some programs (such while that} engineering or architecture)^[21] normally grip five, and some universities and colleges sanction keen students (usually with the help concerning summer school, who are taking countless classes every one semester or who own existing glory from soaring college Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate road exams) to complete them in while that} little while that} three years. Some US colleges and universities own a particular scholastic path famous while that} an "honors" or "scholars" program, mainly offered to the top percentile concerning students (based on GPA), that offers additional challenging courses or additional individually directed seminars or analysis projects in lieu concerning the calibre core curriculum. Those students are awarded the similar bachelor's measure while that} students completing the calibre curriculum though with the notation in cursu honorum on the transcript and the diploma. Usually, the above Latin honors are particular from the notation happen on the needs of|on behalf of} this honors course, though a scholar in the honors road mainly must maintain grades worthy concerning at least the cum laude notation anyway.^[22] Hence, a graduate might pick up a qualification Artium Baccalaureatum rite or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in the regular road or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum in the honors course.

If the scholar has completed the requirements happen on the needs of|on behalf of} an honors measure sole in a special discipline (e.g., English speech and literature), the measure is designated so (e.g., B.A. with Honors in English). In this case, the measure candidate drive complete the normal curriculum happen on the needs of|on behalf of} all amount|everything|the whole|the total} subjects saving the selected discipline ("English," in the earlier example). The requirements in either circumstance(s) normally need conclusion concerning special honors seminars, unconnected analysis at a standard higher than normally mandatory (often with greater personal direction by virtue of ability than usual), and a written honors thesis in the important subject.

Many universities and colleges in the United States present with bachelor's degrees with Latin honors, normally (in ascending order) cum laude ("with honor/praise"), magna cum laude ("with vast honor/praise"), summa cum laude ("with highest honor/praise"), and the occasionally seen maxima cum laude ("with maximal honor/praise"). Requirements happen on the needs of|on behalf of} such notations concerning honors mainly involve smallest grade point averages (GPA), with the highest normal mandatory happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the summa distinction (or maxima, when that distinction is present). In the circumstance(s) concerning some schools, such while that} Bates College, Carleton College, Colby College, Middlebury College, Guilford College, Franklin College Switzerland, and larger universities like the University concerning Virginia, Princeton University, North Carolina State University, University concerning Massachusetts Amherst, a senior thesis happen on the needs of|on behalf of} degrees in the humanities or laboratory research happen on the needs of|on behalf of} natural science (and sometimes social science) degrees is plus required. Five notable exceptions are Reed College, Massachusetts Institute concerning Technology, The Evergreen State College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College, which carry out not own deans' lists, Latin honors recognitions, or undergraduate honors programs or subjects.

Mexico[edit]

Bachelor's degrees may grip an normal concerning five years (from well to five years) to complete depending on the road pack and the program and they are awarded by virtue of colleges and universities. Medicine is from 6 to 7 years. Each college has its private curriculum and requirements with an emphasis concerning their choice, governed on your own by virtue of every one country concerning the republic. After finishing all amount|everything|the whole|the total} the subjects the scholar need a final work, which method the conclusion concerning special honors seminars, analysis and development or a written thesis in a special field. Mexico's regulations established while that} an obligation in charge to pick up their sanction and label the fulfillment concerning a "Social Service" to the country (usually happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those who achieved their studies in a population institution) while that} a remuneration to the community in the form concerning collective actions, the benefits, while that} students, were received during training. This requirement takes about six months to particular year depending on the type concerning degree. Bachelor's measure should not exist falsely allied with its Spanish associated "Bachiller", which style a prerequisite happen on the needs of|on behalf of} matriculate in a occupation or bachelor studies. The authorized title happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a bachelor's measure in Mexico is "Licenciado" and such studies are referred while that} "Licenciatura".

Bachelor's degrees should not exist puzzled with Engineering Degrees, where an Ingeniería is prefixed to the title and requieres new courses happen on the needs of|on behalf of} certification while that} an Engineer.

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, a bachelor's measure takes from three years to six years to complete depending on the road pack and the program. A bachelor's measure is the label sought by virtue of Brazilians in charge to exist a skilled in a positive quarter concerning anthropoid knowledge. Master's and doctoral degrees are new degrees happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those seeking an scholastic occupation or a characteristic understanding concerning a field.

Even without a serious adhesion to the Bologna system, a Brazilian "bachelor's" would correspond to a European "first cycle." A Brazilian "bachelor's" takes three to six years^[23] happen on the needs of|on behalf of} completion, while that} well while that} normally a written monograph or concluding project, in the similar way that a European bachelor's can exist achieved in three to well years, after of|following|subsequent to} which season Europeans may embark on a one- to two-year 2nd round program normally called a "Master's", according to the Bologna Process.

Depending on programs and personal choices, Europeans can accomplish a master's measure in while that} little while that} well years (a three-year bachelor's and a one-year Master's) and while that} elongated while that} six years (a four-year bachelor's, a two-year Master's) concerning higher education. In Brazil it would exist viable to own a specialization "lato-sensu" degree—which differs from a Brazilian "stricto-sensu" master's degree—in while that} little while that} three years (two years happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a "tecnólogo"^[24] measure and an new year happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a specialization) or while that} elongated while that} eight years (six years happen on the needs of|on behalf of} skilled degrees, plus two years happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a master's "stricto-sensu" degree—typical in medicine or engineering).

Colombia[edit]

In Colombia, subordinate college has two milestones, in 9th and 11th grades. After completing the introductory 4 years concerning subordinate college (6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades), a scholar is considered to own completed the basic subordinate college at the same time as after of|following|subsequent to} completed the most recent two years (10th and 11th grades) is considered to own completed "bachillerato" or soaring college diploma.

This measure can exist either scholastic (the nearly all common) or:

• military, specified by virtue of military specialised schools. It provides the opportunity happen on the needs of|on behalf of} male students not to move to otherwise compulsory military service.
• commercial, which grants students focused skills on accountancy.
• technical, which grants students focused skills on skilled abilities such while that} electricity, mechanics and allied matters.
• Academic, which grants students focused skills on essential education.

After graduating from high-school, hopeful students must grip a nationwide exam that determines their eligibility to appeal happen on the needs of|on behalf of} their wished for program, depending on the gain the scholar achieves on the exam. In Colombia, the structure concerning scholastic degrees is uniform to the US model. After completing their "bachillerato" (high school), students can grip particular concerning three options. The introductory particular is called a "Profesional" (professional career), which is uniform to a bachelor's measure requiring from well to six years concerning study according to the chosen program, However, strictly-career-related subjects are fascinated from the highly beginning unlike US where focused career-related subjects normally are part concerning the curriculum from the third year. The other option is called a "Técnico" (technician); this measure consists concerning sole two and a partial years concerning study and prepares the scholar happen on the needs of|on behalf of} skilled or mechanical labors. Finally, the third option is called a "Tecnólogo" (equivalent to an associate degree), and consist concerning 3 years concerning study. A skilled college gives to the student, after of|following|subsequent to} a program concerning two years, an under graduate degree in areas like application development, networks and IT, accountancy, nursing and other areas concerning condition services, mechanics, electricity and technic-like areas.

Universities offer graduate degrees in ICFES endorsed programs like medicine, engineering, laws, accountancy, industry management and other skilled areas. A archetypal undergraduate program normally takes 10 or 11 semesters and some (i.e. medicine) need an new period concerning facility or custom to appeal happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the degree. A scholar who has obtained an undergraduate measure can opt to pursue studying a occupation after of|following|subsequent to} completing their undergraduate measure by virtue of ongoing onto Master's and Doctorate degrees. They can plus choose to a specialization in positive fields concerning study by virtue of execution an extra year.

ICFES is the nationwide authority happen on the needs of|on behalf of} training quality.

Guyana[edit]

In Guyana, the universities offer Bachelor programs in contrasting streams like Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A), Bachelor concerning Science in Nursing, Design and Arts, Liberal Arts, Psychology, Doctor concerning Medicine (MD) and other condition area of study programs. These programs are delivered by virtue of University concerning Guyana, Texila American University, Green Heart Medical University, Lesley university and countless additional offers these bachelor programs.

Costa Rica, El Salvador and Venezuela[edit]

In these countries, there are two titles that should not exist confused:

1. High college students who go by or past their bachillerato or soaring college exams get a warrant concerning Bachiller en Educación Secundaria ("bachelor's measure in subordinate education"), which is lacked in charge to enter a university and is normally requested by virtue of companies in their profiles.
2. University students get a bachillerato measure in their respective fields after of|following|subsequent to} completing well years concerning education, and a licenciatura measure completing particular additional year concerning studies (and meeting other requisites unique to every one institution), equivalent to a global bachelor's degree, enabling them to be employed while that} professionals in their chosen areas; happen on the needs of|on behalf of} example, a Bachiller en Enseñanza Secundaria ("bachelor's measure in subordinate teaching") enables a person to be employed while that} a soaring college teacher. Currently, the trend is happen on the needs of|on behalf of} universities not to offer a bachelor's measure and to offer in preference a licentiate's or "Ingeniero" measure after of|following|subsequent to} five years concerning education.

Europe[edit]

Bachelor's degrees exist in approaching eternally country in Europe. However, these degrees were sole not long ago introduced in some Continental European countries, where bachelor's degrees were uncharted progress of} the Bologna process. Undergraduate programs in Europe overall be in front to the ensuing nearly all widely accepted degrees:

• Bachelor concerning Science measure (B.Sc.), 35%–40% concerning undergraduate programs;
• Bachelor concerning Arts measure (B.A.), 30%–35% concerning undergraduate programs;
• Bachelor concerning Laws measure (LL.B.), 1% concerning grand total programs, however widely accepted in the charter discipline.

The lie down concerning the programmes typically be in front to Bachelor concerning Engineering measure (B.Eng.), Bachelor concerning Business Administration measure (B.B.A.), or other variants. Also, associate degrees are rising in popularity on the undergraduate standard in Europe.

On a per-country, per-discipline and sometimes even per-institute basis, the duration concerning an undergraduate measure program is typically three or well years, though can series in any case from three to six years. This is an important factor in the student's decision-making process.

Austria[edit]

The actual situation in Austria was highly uniform to that in Germany, with the established introductory degrees body the Magister and the Diplom, which are master's-level qualifications. From 2004, bachelor's degrees own been reintroduced while that} part concerning the Bologna Process reforms. These can exist calculated at universities, major to a bachelor's measure (BA or BSc) after of|following|subsequent to} three or well years, and at Fachhochschulen (universities concerning applied science), major to a Bachelor (FH) after of|following|subsequent to} three years.^[25]

Belgium[edit]

Education in Belgium is speed by virtue of the speech communities, with particular higher training systems body administered by virtue of the Flemish Community and the French Community. Both systems own been reformed to align with the Bologna Process, the Flemish Community from 2003 and the French Community from 2004. In the Flemish Community, bachelor's degrees may exist either scholastic or professional. These degrees most recent three years, and may exist followed in both cases by virtue of a additional modern Bachelor-na-bachelor diploma, lasting particular year (c.f. the Australian bachelor honours degree). All concerning these qualifications are at standard 6 on the EQF, to which the Flemish Qualification Framework was referenced in June 2011. In the French Community, universities present with grade de bachelier (3 years) while that} the equivalent concerning bachelor's degrees. Outside concerning universities, skilled programs may exist type long (long type) or type court (short type), both concerning which are offered at Hautes Ecoles and Ecoles Supérieures des Arts. The type long takes in a grade de bachelier (type long) (3 years), which is followed by virtue of a master measure (1 or 2 years), at the same time as the type court has a grade de bachelier professionnalisant (type court) (3 years), which may exist followed by virtue of a bachelier de spécialisation (1 year). All bachelier degrees (including the bachelier de spécialisation) are equivalent to standard 6 concerning the EQF, though own not been formally referenced.^[26]

Croatia[edit]

Most universities and colleges in Croatia this afternoon offer a three-year bachelor program, which can exist followed up typically with a two-year master's (graduate) program.

• Upon conclusion concerning undergraduate skilled studies, students are awarded the skilled label concerning Professional Bachelor, shortened bacc. (baccalaureus or stručni prvostupnik in Croatian) with a reference to a specialisation.
• Undergraduate university studies generally most recent happen on the needs of|on behalf of} three to well years and upon completion, students are awarded an scholastic label concerning Bachelor, shortened univ. bacc. (baccalaureus or sveučilišni prvostupnik in Croatian).^[27]

Academies that specialize in the arts, e. g. the Academy concerning Fine Arts in Zagreb, own four-year bachelor's programs followed by virtue of a one-year master's.

Czech Republic[edit]

Historically, the baccalareus was the undergraduate measure awarded to students who graduated from the road concerning trivium (grammar, dialectic and rhetoric) at a ability concerning liberal arts (either at the Charles University or at the University concerning Olomouc). It was a necessary prerequisite to pursue either with the ability concerning liberal arts (quadrivium major to a master's degree and more distant to a doctoral degree) or to study at particular concerning the other three actual faculties—law, medicine or theology.

A bachelor's degree, shortened Bc.A., in the meadow concerning fine arts, and Bc. (Bakalář in Czech) in other fields is awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} accredited undergraduate programs at universities and colleges.

The vast mass concerning undergraduate programmes offered in the Czech Republic own a calibre duration concerning three years.

In the Czech tertiary training system, nearly all universities and colleges this afternoon offer a three-year bachelor program, which can exist followed up typically with a two-year master's (graduate) program. Some specializations, such while that} doctors concerning medicine and veterinary doctors, hold exceptions from the popular structure in that the sole option is a six-year master's program with no bachelor leg (graduate with label doctor). This is due mainly to the difficulty concerning meaningfully splitting up the training happen on the needs of|on behalf of} these specialisations.

Denmark[edit]

The bachelor's measure was re-introduced at universities in Denmark in 1993, after of|following|subsequent to} the initial measure (baccalaureus) was deserted in 1775. The bachelor's measure is awarded after of|following|subsequent to} three or well years concerning study at a university and follows a system quite uniform to the British one. Two bachelor's degrees are specified at the university standard today:

• Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.), awarded to students with main focal point on scientific, medical, or skilled areas;
• Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A.), awarded to students whose main focal point is on humanistic, theological, or jurisprudence areas.

However, both in the industry and the scholastic globe in Denmark, the bachelor's measure is motionless considered to exist "the introductory half" concerning a master's (candidatus). It is often not considered a measure in its private right^[28], in the face of the politicians' leading attempts to cause it additional accepted.

The bachelor's measure has plus been not new since the late 1990s in a figure concerning areas like nursing and teaching. Usually referred to while that} a "Professional Bachelor" (Danish: professionsbachelor), these degrees normally need 3 to 4​¹⁄₂ years concerning combined theoretical and practical study at a so-called "(professional) university college" (Danish: professionshøjskole) or "business academies" (Danish: "erhvervsakademier"). These skilled bachelor's degrees carry out grant admission to some university Master's program. These skilled bachelor's degrees are considered to exist a filled education.

Faroe Islands[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in the Faroe Islands are much the similar while that} in Denmark.

France[edit]

The established bachelor's measure is the equivalent concerning the French Licence three-year degree. Since the recent European structure concerning 2004 LMD Bologna process was founded, it has become calibre to recognize a bachelor's measure on top of three years with a licence degree, a master's degree on top of five years, and a doctorate on top of eight years.

Some private institutions are however closely naming their degrees Bachelor's, Master's and Executive, such while that} the Bordeaux MBA/Collège International de Bordeaux. None concerning them are accredited by virtue of the French State, though offer uniform road subjects, structures and methods to those found in Anglo-Saxon institutions.

Germany[edit]

Historically, the bachelor's degree, called "Bakkalaureus", existed in Germany since the late Middle Ages. But it was abolished by virtue of the educational reforms undertaken in 1820. The Abitur measure — the final measure received in college after of|following|subsequent to} a comprehensive 'college phase' concerning two years — replaced it, and universities sole awarded graduate degrees.

The Magister degree, a graduate degree, was awarded after of|following|subsequent to} five years concerning study. In 1899, a succeeding graduate degree, the Diplom, was introduced when the Technische Hochschulen (TH) received university status. With the introduction concerning the Universities concerning Applied Sciences, a shortened version concerning the latter, referred to while that} Diplom (FH) and designed to grip three to well years, was phased in mid of} 1969 and 1972.

However, in 1998, in charge to comply with the European Bologna process, a recent educational charter reintroduced the bachelor's measure (first measure after of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning study) in Germany. Today, these degrees can exist called either "Bakkalaureus" or "Bachelor" (in accordance with federated law), though the English term is additional common. According to the Bologna model, the Bachelor is followed by virtue of the post-graduate master's measure concerning another two years. The established degrees concerning Diplom and Magister were principally abolished in 2010, even though the Diplom motionless persists in a not many subjects and universities and has been reintroduced while that} alternative measure in some places.

The established degrees own been re-mapped to the recent European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) point structure to cause them comparable to the recent bachelor's degree. Traditional and Bologna process degrees are ranked while that} follows in Germany:

• Bachelor: 180, 210, or 240 ECTS points required;
• Diplom FH: 240 ECTS;
• Diplom Uni or TH: 300 ECTS;
• Master: 300 ECTS (including bachelor).

Greece[edit]

The Greek bachelor's measure is called πτυχίο (Latinised version: Ptychion). It is earned after of|following|subsequent to} well to six years concerning undergraduate studies, depending on the field, and is a introductory round document in the Bologna Process with 240 or additional ECTS credits.^[29] It is placed at standard 6 concerning the national qualifications framework concerning Greece, the Hellenic Qualifications Framework (HQF),^[30] which is referenced to standard 6 concerning the European Qualifications Framework.^[31] It is classified while that} a standard 6 document in the International Standard Classification concerning Education. The former go by or past or standard bachelor's degree, signified by virtue of "(Pass)" or "(Ord)" mandatory 210 ECTS credits and was plus at standard 6 concerning the HQF.^{[citation needed]}

The bachelor's measure is provided by virtue of all amount|everything|the whole|the total} Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), counting universities, specialist HEIs, formerly technological educational institutes (TEIs).

Previously, TEI undergraduate degrees mandatory ​3 ¹⁄₂ years concerning study, and conferred a document legally equivalent to a bachelor's (ord) degree. This document was discontinued and TEIs now present with a 4-year bachelor's degree. Technical universities and some universities offer a 5-year (300 ECTS) undergraduate program major to a Δίπλωμα (Greek) Diploma (integrated-master-level-granting, Master's measure equivalent) at Level 7 concerning the HQF.^[30]

Italy[edit]

The ancient four-, five-, or six-year laurea structure was discontinued in the early 2000s while that} per the Bologna process, with some exceptions such while that} charter college or medical school. The bachelor's degree, called "Laurea triennale" (three-year degree) or simply "Laurea", takes three years to complete (note that Italian students graduate from soaring college at generation 19) and grants admission to graduate degrees (known while that} "Laurea Magistrale"). In charge to graduate, students must earn 180 credits (ECTS) and scribble a thesis happen on the needs of|on behalf of} which students own to elaborate on an argument below the direction concerning a professor (generally from three to eight ECTS). Graduation marks move from 66 to 110. According to every one ability internal ruling, a lode may exist awarded to candidates with a 110/110 stain happen on the needs of|on behalf of} recognition concerning the distinction concerning the final project.

Netherlands[edit]

In the Netherlands, the Bachelor concerning Arts and Master concerning Arts degrees were introduced in 2002. Until that time, a single program that led to the doctorandus measure was in effect, which comprised the similar road pack while that} the bachelor's and Master's programs put together. (The doctorandus label was in use happen on the needs of|on behalf of} approaching all amount|everything|the whole|the total} fields concerning study; other titles were not new happen on the needs of|on behalf of} judiciary studies (meester) and engineering (ingenieur).) Those who had already started the doctorandus program could, upon completing it, opt happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the doctorandus measure (before their name, shortened to 'drs.'), or simply use the master's measure (behind their name) in accordance with the recent standard. Since these graduates carry out not own a particular bachelor's measure (which is in fact—in retrospect—incorporated into the program), the master's measure is their introductory scholastic degree.

In 2003/2004, the Dutch measure structure was changed as concerning the Bologna process. Former degrees included:

• baccalaureus (bc. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor, matching to a B.A.Sc. or B.A.A. degree, it may exist formally rendered while that} "B", followed by virtue of the specialization field, in preference concerning "bc.")
• doctorandus (prefix shortened to drs.; it corresponds to M.A. or M.Sc., though it may exist formally rendered while that} M in preference concerning drs.),^[32]

ingenieur

• ing. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} graduates concerning the four-year courses offered by virtue of Dutch higher vocational colleges (HBO, that is; hoger beroepsonderwijs) see: university concerning applied science. It is uniform to a B.A.Sc., B.Eng., B.B.E., B.A.S. or B.I.C.T. (B.I.T.), and it may exist formally rendered while that} B followed by virtue of the specialization field, in preference concerning ing.
• ir. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those having graduated from skilled university after of|following|subsequent to} a smallest concerning five years, matching to a M.Sc., though it may exist formally rendered while that} M, in preference concerning ir.),
• meester in de rechten (mr.; it corresponds to LL.M., though it may exist formally rendered while that} M in preference concerning mr.) and
• doctor (dr.; it corresponds to Ph.D., though it may formally exist rendered while that} D in preference concerning dr.)^[33] are motionless granted along with their global equivalents.^[34]

While the titles ing., bc., ir., mr., drs. and dr. are not new progress of} one's private name, the degrees B, M or D are mentioned after of|following|subsequent to} one's name. It is motionless allowed to use the established titles.

Whether a bachelor's measure is granted by virtue of a hogeschool or university is highly relevant since these parallel systems concerning higher training own traditionally served somewhat contrasting purposes, with the vocational colleges mainly concentrating on skills and practical training. A B.A. or B.Sc. from a university grants "immediate" admittance into a master's program. Moreover, this is normally considered a ceremoniousness to sanction students to switch to overseas universities master's programs. Meanwhile, those having completed a HBO from a vocational college, which represented the highest viable standard concerning vocational training available, can sole pursue to a "master's" on conclusion concerning a challenging year concerning new study, which in itself can serve while that} a type concerning choosing process, with the prospective M.Sc. students body mandatory to conceal a vast business concerning land in a single year.

Recently, HBO (vocational) master's degrees own been introduced in the Netherlands. Graduates thereof may use neither the extension "of Arts" (M.A.) nor "of Science" (M.Sc.). They may use an M followed by virtue of the meadow concerning specialization (e.g., M.Des).

This year concerning study to "convert" from the vocational to scholastic (WO-wetenschappelijk onderwijs, closely "scientific education") is plus famous while that} a "bridge" or "premasters" year. Note that in the face of the use concerning the jargon "university concerning applied science" the higher vocational colleges are not considered to exist "universities" enclosed by the Netherlands.

Important aspects concerning Dutch bachelor's measure courses (and others) relative to some concerning those offered beyond the sea include:

• Duration. While in countless countries courses are completed in a specified season below normal circumstances, measure courses offered at some (though by virtue of no method all) Dutch institutions, counting the nearly all prestigious, can sole exist completed in three years by virtue of the leading performing students.
• Academic year. The Dutch scholastic year has a serious duration concerning 42 weeks. In custom students are often expected and mandatory to spend a vast business concerning the "free" season revising happen on the needs of|on behalf of} examinations. This is not always true elsewhere, while that} in countless countries a highly elongated summer break is fascinated or examinations are progress of} the winter break instead of than after.
• Learning curve. Some training systems, notably the British one, involve a gentle introduction during the introductory year. This is mainly not the circumstance(s) in the Netherlands, with the difficulty standard in the introductory year serving while that} a type concerning "self-selection" with smaller committed and smaller able students routinely finding it difficult to keep up.

In February, 2011, the Dutch State Secretary concerning Education decided to adhere to the recommendations written in a announce by virtue of the Veerman Commission. In the near future, the distinction mid of} scholastic and higher vocational degrees drive disappear.

North Macedonia[edit]

In 2003, the German-style training structure was changed to conform to the ECTS as concerning the Bologna process. The existing scholastic measure granted with a qualification was transformed into a baccalaureus (bachelor's degree). The universities normally present with a bachelor's measure after of|following|subsequent to} three years (following which, a master's measure drive exist two years long) or well years (following which, a master's measure drive exist particular year long).

Norway[edit]

A bachelor's measure in Norway requires three years concerning fultime studies. There are some exceptions, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} specimen physiotherapy.

Poland[edit]

In Poland, the licentiate degree corresponds to the bachelor's measure in Anglophone countries. In Polish, it is called licencjat. To get the licencjat degree, particular must complete three years concerning study. There is plus a uniform measure called engineer (inżynier) which differs from the licencjat in that it is awarded by virtue of skilled universities and the program normally lasts happen on the needs of|on behalf of} 3.5 years. After that, the scholar can pursue training happen on the needs of|on behalf of} 2 or 1.5 years, respectively, to get a magister degree, which corresponds to a master's degree.

Portugal[edit]

Presently, the Portuguese equivalent concerning a bachelor's measure is the licenciatura, awarded after of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning study (four in some not many cases) at an accredited university or polytechnical institution. It is an undergraduate introductory study round program which is mandatory to move up into more distant studies such while that} master's measure programs.

Before the Bologna process (2006/2007), the bacharelato (bachelor's degree) existed in the Portuguese higher training system. It mandatory three years concerning study, body violently equivalent to the present licenciatura. At that time, the licenciatura referred to a licentiate's measure (equivalent to the present master's degree), which mandatory normally five years concerning study. A licenciatura could plus exist obtained by virtue of performing two years concerning study after of|following|subsequent to} obtaining a bacharelato.

Today, the former and flow licenciatura degrees are referred in Portugal, respectively, while that} pre-Bologna and post-Bologna licenciaturas.

Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Armenia[edit]

The specialist's degree (Russian: специалист), (Ukrainian: спецiалiст) was the introductory scholastic distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded to students upon conclusion concerning five-year studies at the university level. The measure can exist compared both to the bachelor's and master's degree. In the early 1990s, Bakalavr (Бакалавр, "bachelor") degrees were introduced in all amount|everything|the whole|the total} the countries concerning the Commonwealth concerning Independent States saving Turkmenistan. After the bakalavr measure (usually well years), particular can earn a master's measure (another particular or two years) at the same time as preserving the ancient five-year specialist scheme.

Spain[edit]

In Spain, due to the ongoing transition to a representation compliant with the Bologna agreement, true equivalents to the archetypal Anglo-Saxon bachelor's measure and master's measure are body implemented progressively. Currently, there is an undergraduate bachelor's measure called "Título de Grado" or simply "Grado" (its duration mainly body well years), a postgraduate master's measure called "Título de Máster" or "Máster" (between particular and two years), and a doctor's measure called "Título de Doctor" or "Doctorado". The "Título de Grado" is now the prerequisite to admission to a Master study. The "Título de Máster" is now the prerequisite to admission to doctoral studies, and its duration and the kind concerning institutions that can school these programs are regulated in the system concerning the European Higher Education Area.

Up until 2009/2010, the structure was split into three categories concerning degrees. There were the so-called first-cycle degrees: "Diplomado" or "Ingeniero Técnico", with purported durations varying mid of} three and well years; there were plus second-cycle degrees: "Licenciado" or "Ingeniero" with purported durations varying mid of} well and six years; and finally the third-cycle degrees: "Doctor." The authorized first-cycle degrees are comparable in phraseology concerning duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's degree. Meanwhile, the second-cycle degrees are comparable in phraseology concerning duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's + Master's degrees compound assuming compared with the Anglo-Saxon system. In this established structure the admission to doctoral studies was granted sole to the holders concerning "Licenciado", "Ingeniero" or "Arquitecto" (second-cycle) degrees, and the "Master" or "Magister" titles were unregulated (so, there coexisted so-called "Master" programs with contrasting durations, from some months to two years, backed by virtue of universities or centers without any authorized recognition) and sole the credit concerning the program/institution could back them.

Sweden[edit]

The Swedish equivalent concerning a bachelor's measure is called kandidatexamen. It is earned after of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning studies, concerning which at least a year and a partial in the important subject. A thesis concerning at least 15 ECTS credits must exist included in the degree. Previously, there was a Bachelor concerning Law measure (juris kandidat) which mandatory 4.5 years concerning study, though this measure now has a recent name, juristexamen (and is now a master's measure called "Master concerning Laws").

Switzerland[edit]

Like Austria and Germany, Switzerland did not own a tradition concerning bachelor's and master's degrees. In 2003, after of|following|subsequent to} the demand concerning the Bologna process, bachelor's and graduate master's degrees replaced the ancient degrees. As concerning 1 December 2005 the Rectors' Conference concerning the Swiss Universities granted holders concerning a lizentiat or qualification the accurate to use the matching master title. As concerning 2006, certificates concerning equivalence are issued by virtue of the university that issued the initial degree. Currently three to well years concerning study are mandatory to exist awarded a bachelor's degree. A master's measure drive need another two to three years concerning coursework and a thesis.

United Kingdom[edit]

The bachelor's measure is the calibre undergraduate measure in the United Kingdom, with the nearly all daily degrees body the bachelor concerning arts (BA) and bachelor concerning area of study (BSc). Most bachelor's measure courses (apart from the highly rare postgraduate awards, and those in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science) be in front to honours degrees, with standard degrees mainly sole body awarded to those who carry out not run into the mandatory go by or past stain happen on the needs of|on behalf of} an honours degree. With the exception concerning the postgraduate bachelor's degrees and bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science, UK bachelor's degrees (whether honours or non-honours) are introductory round (end concerning cycle) qualifications below the Bologna Process. Postgraduate bachelor's degrees and bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary area of study are succeeding round (end concerning cycle) qualifications. Some bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary area of study offer intercalated degrees en route to the final qualification.^[35][36][37]

Bachelor's degrees should not exist puzzled with baccalaureate qualifications, which derive their title from the similar root. In the UK, baccalaureate qualifications, e.g. International Baccalaureate, Welsh Baccalaureate, English Baccalaureate, are gained at subordinate schools instead of than body degree-level qualifications.

Until the 19th century, a bachelor's measure represented the introductory measure in a special faculty, with Arts representing undergraduate study, thus the Bachelor concerning Civil Law (BCL) at Oxford and the Bachelor concerning Laws (LLB) at Cambridge, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} example, were postgraduate degrees. Vestiges concerning this structure motionless remain in the ancient universities, with Oxford and Cambridge awarding BAs happen on the needs of|on behalf of} undergraduate degrees in both arts and sciences (although both present with undergraduate BTh degrees through leagued theological colleges, and Oxford awards BFA degrees in complement to the BA) and defining other bachelor's degrees (e.g., BPhil, BCL) while that} postgraduate awards equivalent to master's degrees,^[38][39] even though countless postgraduate bachelor's degrees own now been replaced by virtue of equivalent master's degrees (e.g., LLM happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the LLB at Cambridge and MSc happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the BSc at Oxford).^[40][41] The similar actual usage concerning indicating an undergraduate measure by virtue of it body in the ability concerning arts instead of than body a bachelor's measure gives rise to the Oxbridge MA and the Scottish MA).

Common bachelor's degrees and abbreviations:

• Bachelor concerning Arts: BA
• Bachelor concerning Science: BSc
• Bachelor concerning Laws: LLB
• Bachelor concerning Civil Law: BCL
• Bachelor concerning Engineering: BEng
• Bachelor concerning Education: BEd
• Bachelor concerning Medicine, Bachelor concerning Surgery: MBBS, MBBCh, BMBS, BMBCh
• Bachelor concerning Dental Surgery: BDS

England, Wales and Northern Ireland[edit]

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, bachelor's degrees normally grip three years concerning study to complete, even though courses may grip well years where they involve a year beyond the sea or a arrangement year. Degrees may own titles allied to their broad issue quarter or faculty, such while that} BA or BSc, or may exist additional issue characteristic (e.g. BEng or LLB). The mass concerning bachelor's degrees are now honours degrees, even though this has not always been the circumstance(s) historically.

Although introductory measure courses are normally three years (360 credits), point succeeding year admittance is from season to time viable happen on the needs of|on behalf of} students transferring from other courses or those who own completed foundation degrees, process of} accreditation concerning preceding learning or additional serious glory transport arrangements. Some universities compress the three-year road into two years by virtue of teaching happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a filled calendar year (180 credits) instead of than a calibre scholastic year (120 credits), thus maintaining the filled 360-credit magnitude concerning the course.^[42][43]

In complement to bachelor's degrees, some institutions offer united master's degrees while that} introductory degrees in some subjects (particularly in STEM fields). These integrate teaching at bachelor's and master's standard in a four-year (five-year assuming with business experience) course, which often shares the introductory two years with the equivalent bachelor's course.

The normal scholastic calibre happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor's degrees in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is the honours degree. These are generally classified into particular concerning well classes concerning honours, depending upon the marks gained in examinations and other assessments:

• First study group honours (1st)
• Second study group honours, divided into:
  • Upper division, or high succeeding (2:1)
  • Lower division, or junior succeeding (2:2)
• Third study group honours (3rd)

Some institutions own announced that they intend to oust this structure concerning classifying honours degrees with an American-style Grade Point Average.^[44] An ordinary (or unclassified) degree, which sole requires passes worth 300 credits instead of than the 360 concerning the honours degree, may exist awarded assuming a scholar has completed the filled honours measure road though has not obtained enough passes to earn a degree. Completion concerning just the introductory two years concerning the road can be in front to a Diploma concerning Higher Education and conclusion concerning sole the introductory year to a Certificate concerning Higher Education.

On the Framework happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Higher Education Qualifications, calibre undergraduate bachelor's degrees with and without honours are at standard 6, even though the courses involve study beyond levels 4 to 6. Honours degrees generally need 360 credits with a smallest concerning 90 at standard 6, at the same time as standard degrees lack 300 credits with a smallest concerning 60 at standard 6. Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary area of study are at standard 7, with study spanning levels 4 to 7, and are not generally glory rated. The Diploma concerning Higher Education is a standard 5 (second year concerning bachelor's degree) document and requires 240 credits, a smallest concerning 90 at standard 5; The Certificate concerning Higher Education is a standard 4 (first year concerning bachelor's degree) document and requires 120 credits, a smallest concerning 90 at standard 4.^[45]

Other qualifications at standard 6 concerning the Framework happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Higher Education Qualifications or the Regulated Qualifications Framework, such while that} graduate diplomas and certificates, some BTEC Advanced Professional awards, diplomas and certificates, and the graduateship concerning the City & Guilds concerning London Institute are at the similar standard while that} bachelor's degrees, even though not necessarily representing the similar glory volume.^[46]

Scotland[edit]

At Scottish universities, bachelor's degrees (and the equivalent Scottish MA awarded by virtue of some institutions) are generally honours degrees, taking well years concerning study (or five with a year beyond the sea or in industry), though may plus exist ordinary degrees (also famous while that} pass, general or designated degrees) requiring three years concerning study. Honours degrees may exist awarded while that} BA (Hons) or MA (Hons) in the arts and collective sciences, or BSc (Hons) happen on the needs of|on behalf of} sciences, or own additional characteristic titles such while that} BEng. As in the lie down concerning the UK, united master's degrees, taking five years in Scotland, are plus offered while that} introductory degrees alongside bachelor's degrees.^[47]

An honours measure may exist directly linked to skilled or vocational qualifications, particularly in fields such while that} engineering, surveying and architecture. These courses be likely to own highly specified curricula, leaving students without countless options happen on the needs of|on behalf of} broader study. Others, ensuing a additional established route, embark upon off with a broad series concerning studies beyond the ability that has admitted the scholar or, process of} modular study, beyond the whole university. Students on these courses specialise later in their measure programmes.^[47] Typically measure grades are based sole on the final two years concerning study, after of|following|subsequent to} a specialisation has been chosen, so broader study courses fascinated in the introductory two years carry out not concern the final measure grade.^[48]

Honours degrees are subdivided into classes in the similar way while that} the lie down concerning the UK, depending on the overall class achieved. These are, from highest to lowest; introductory class, high succeeding study group (2:1), junior succeeding study group (2:2), and third class.

Ordinary degrees are awarded to students who own completed three years at university studying a variation concerning allied subjects.^[49] These may exist fascinated on top of a broad series concerning subjects or (as with honours degrees) with a specialisation in a special issue (in the latter case, they are now and then famous s designated degrees). As standard degrees in Scotland represent a distinct road concerning study, instead of than a class below honours degrees, they can exist graded (from lowest to highest) while that} "pass", "merit" or "distinction".^[50][51] As in the lie down concerning the UK, Certificates and Diplomas concerning Higher Education may exist earned by virtue of those completing particular and two years concerning a bachelor's measure road respectively.^[47]

The introductory two years, sometimes three, concerning both an standard measure and an honours measure are identical, though candidates happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the standard measure study in smaller depth in their final year and often on top of a wider variation concerning subjects, and carry out not normally complete a dissertation. A Scottish standard measure is thus contrasting from standard degrees in the lie down concerning the UK in comprising a distinct road concerning study from the honours degree. In keeping with the Scottish "broad education" philosophy, standard degrees (and additional rarely honours ones) may mix contrasting disciplines such while that} sciences and humanities taught in contrasting faculties and in some cases even contrasting universities.^[52]

Bachelor's degrees with honours are at standard 10 concerning the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF) and need 480 credits with a smallest concerning 90 at standard 10 and 90 at standard 9. Ordinary degrees are at standard 9 and need 360 credits with a smallest concerning 90 at standard 9.^[53] Both honours degrees and standard degrees gain qualifications while that} introductory round (end concerning cycle) qualifications in the Bologna Process. Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary area of study are at standard 11 concerning the SCQF and are succeeding round (end concerning cycle) qualifications in the Bologna Process.^[54]

Turkey[edit]

There are institutions which present with bachelor's degrees in approaching eternally municipality in Turkey. Examples are Ankara University, Bilkent University, Boğaziçi University, Marmara University, Hacettepe University, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul University, Koç University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University, Yeditepe University, and Yildiz Technical University. They all amount|everything|the whole|the total} grant bachelor concerning arts or area of study degrees upon conclusion concerning an eight-semester course. There are opportunities to take on a double major. Some universities sanction standard measure students to transport to an honours measure road in the similar issue assuming an acceptable calibre is reached after of|following|subsequent to} the introductory or succeeding year concerning study, famous in Turkish while that} a "Önlisans Mezunu".^{[citation needed]}

Some concerning the population and private universities offer courses taught partly in English, and countless universities offer courses entirely in English, such while that} Boğaziçi University, Marmara University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University, and Yeditepe University.

Subjects[edit]

Many other comprehensive bachelor's degrees are offered while that} well. Some are in highly comprehensive areas, like the five-year B.I.Des. or B.Sc.I.Des. measure in industrial design.^[55] Others are offered sole at a limited figure concerning universities, such while that} the Walsh School concerning Foreign Service at Georgetown University's Bachelor concerning Science in Foreign Service (BSFS). The University concerning Delaware offers a Bachelor concerning Applied Arts and Science (B.A.A.Sc.) degree, a measure which often indicates an interdisciplinary road concerning study happen on the needs of|on behalf of} countless majors enclosed by its School concerning Arts and Science.^[56]Stanford University's Bachelor concerning Arts and Science measure is happen on the needs of|on behalf of} students who are receiving particular measure though who own completed two arts and sciences majors, particular concerning which would ordinarily be in front to the B.A. and particular concerning which would ordinarily be in front to the B.Sc.

At countless institutions particular can sole complete a two-degree program assuming the bachelor's degrees to exist earned are concerning contrasting types (e.g., particular could earn a B.A. in philosophy and a B.Sc.C.Eng. in chemical engineering simultaneously, though a person studying thinking and English would pick up sole a single B.A. with the two majors). Rules on this vary considerably, however.

Agriculture[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Agriculture [B.Sc. (Ag) or B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture] offers a broad grounding in the sciences. The focal point concerning this four-year applied measure is on the development concerning analytical, quantitative, computing and communication skills. Students learn how to appeal the knowledge and principles concerning area of study to the understanding and management concerning the production, processing and promotional concerning rural products, and to the management and conservation concerning our reasonable resources. All students take on rural meadow trips and approved skilled knowledge enclosed by rural or horticultural enterprises, reasonable resource management, agribusiness industries, or business or ministry organisations active in the field.

Architecture and design[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Architecture (B.Arch.) measure is a skilled measure awarded to students who complete the five-year road concerning study in the meadow at some universities. Many universities offer a B.Sc. or B.A. (majoring in Architecture) after of|following|subsequent to} the introductory three or well years, and at that moment a post-graduate diploma, B.Arch. or M.Arch. happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the ensuing two to well years.

The Bachelor concerning Design (B.Des., or S.Des. in Indonesia) is awarded to those who complete the four- or four-and-a-half-year road concerning study in design, normally majoring in a characteristic meadow concerning design, such while that} interior describe or graphic design.

Arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Arts degrees (B.A., A.B.; plus famous while that} Artium Baccalaureus) along with the Bachelor concerning Science degrees are the nearly all daily undergraduate degrees given. Originally, in the universities concerning Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} undergraduate degrees were in the ability concerning arts, for this reason the title concerning the degree. The Bachelor concerning Applied Arts and Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate measure that bridges scholastic and work-life experiences.

Engineering[edit]

• The Bachelor concerning Engineering measure or Bachelor concerning Applied Science^[57] measure or Bachelor concerning Science in Engineering measure is a skilled measure awarded to students who own completed the three or four-year road concerning study in engineering. Common abbreviations involve B.Eng., B.A.Sc. and B.Sc.Eng. The B.A.I. (baccalaureus in arte ingeniaria) measure is awarded by virtue of the University concerning Dublin (Trinity College Dublin). Some South African universities deliver to their engineering degrees while that} B.Ing. (Baccalaureus Ingeniaria).
• There are additional characteristic variants happen on the needs of|on behalf of} countless sub fields such while that} B.Sc.E.Eng. (Bachelor concerning Science in Electrical Engineering) and B.S.Eng. (Bachelor concerning Software Engineering).

Business and management[edit]

See: Business education#Undergraduate education.

Computer area of study and details systems[edit]

There are various undergraduate degrees in information technology incorporating programming, database design, application engineering, networks and details systems. These programs prepare graduates happen on the needs of|on behalf of} more distant postgraduate research degrees or happen on the needs of|on behalf of} business in a variation concerning roles in the information technology industry. The program focal point may exist on the skilled or theoretical aspects concerning the issue matter, depending on which road is taken.

• Theoretically oriented degrees focal point on computer science and are correspondingly titled. These involve the Bachelor concerning Computing (B.Comp.) and Bachelor concerning Computer Science (B.Comp.Sc.) degrees. Computer area of study is plus offered while that} a important enclosed by nearly all Bachelor concerning Science programs.
• The close to oriented degrees conceal countless disciplines from enclosed by the IT industry counting application engineering, details systems, and data communications. Examples here involve the Bachelor concerning Science in Information Technology (B.Sc.I.T.), the Bachelor concerning Computer Applications (B.C.A.), the Bachelor concerning Information Technology, and the Bachelor concerning Applied Science (Information Technology) (B.A.Sc.I.T.)) degrees. Many concerning the disciplines taught while that} part concerning these degrees are covered below other degrees, such while that} engineering, while that} well.
• Degrees combining IT with industry study are plus offered at countless universities. Specialized programs in information systems—such while that} the bachelor concerning industry details systems (BBIS) program—are often positioned while that} professionally oriented degrees. More popular degrees here would involve industry degrees, such while that} the B.B.A. or B.Com., with details systems while that} a concentration.

Health care[edit]

Medicine[edit]

In countries ensuing British tradition (the University concerning Malta is an exception), medical students pursue an undergraduate medical training and pick up bachelor's degrees in medicine and surgery (MBBChir, MBBS, BMBS, BM, MBChB, etc.). This was historically fascinated at the universities concerning Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin after of|following|subsequent to} the earliest BA degree, and in Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin the BA is motionless awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the earliest three years concerning medical study, with the BMBCh, MBBChir, or MBBChBAO, respectively, body awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the subsequent unemotional leg concerning training. Some British universities give a bachelor's measure in science, or medical science, midway through the medical course, and nearly all sanction students to intercalate a year concerning additional comprehensive study happen on the needs of|on behalf of} an intercalated Bachelor concerning Science (BSc), Bachelor concerning Medical Science (BMedSc), or Bachelor concerning Medical Biology (BMedBiol) measure with honors.

Although notionally MB and BS are two degrees, they must exist fascinated together. In some Irish universities, a third degree, Bachelor concerning Arts in Obstetrics (BAO), is added. However, this third measure is an anachronism from the 19th century and is not registerable with the Irish Medical Council. In the UK, these qualifications, at the same time as retaining the label concerning bachelor's degrees, are master's measure standard qualifications.^[58]

Use concerning the courtesy label concerning doctor is attached to the occupation concerning medic or physician and is granted by virtue of registration, not by virtue of earning the qualifying degree. Trainee doctors in the UK are allowed to use the label once they commence their grounding and pick up provisional registration.^[59][60][61]

The Canadian MD measure is, in the face of its name, classified while that} a bachelor's degree.^[19]

Dentistry[edit]

Dentistry is offered both while that} an undergraduate and a postgraduate course. In countries ensuing the British model, the introductory measure in dentistry is the Bachelor concerning Dental Surgery, which is a master's measure standard document in the UK.^[58] In some parts concerning the world, the doctorate concerning dental surgery (DDS) is the usual undergraduate program. Postgraduate courses such while that} the Bachelor concerning Dentistry (B.Dent.)—awarded exclusively by virtue of the University concerning Sydney in Australia—requires a previous bachelor's degree.

Midwifery[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Midwifery measure is a skilled measure awarded to students who own complete a three- to five-year (depending on the country) road concerning study in midwifery. Common abbreviations involve B.Sc.Mid., B.M., B.Mid., and B.H.Sc.Mid.

Physiotherapy[edit]

Physiotherapy is offered both while that} an undergraduate and a graduate road concerning study. Studies major to the Bachelor concerning Physiotherapy (B.P.T.) measure normally represent the undergraduate program. In the graduate program, courses major to a measure such while that} the Master concerning Physiotherapy measure are offered.

In the Canadian province concerning Quebec, French universities offer both undergraduate and graduate courses major to the obtention concerning a Bachelor concerning Science measure with a important in physiotherapy and a Master concerning Science measure comprehensive in physiotherapy. McGill University, the Université de Montréal, and the Université de Sherbrooke are with of} the post-secondary institutions that offer such programs.

Optometry[edit]

Optometry is a four-year or five-year course. Although students graduate with a B.Sc. after of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning study, short-lived a more distant supervised preregistration year is mandatory to become a fully capable optometrist. The National Institute concerning Ophthalmic Sciences is with of} the post-secondary institutions that offer such programs. It is the scholastic arm concerning The Tun Hussein Onn National Eye Hospital and the sole eye hospital based centre in Malaysia.

Nursing[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Nursing measure is a three- to five-year undergraduate measure that prepares students happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a occupation in nursing. Often the measure is mandatory to gain "registered nurse", or equivalent, status—subject to conclusion concerning exams in the quarter concerning residence. Sometimes, though, the measure is offered sole to nurses who are already registered. Alternative titles involve Bachelor concerning Science in Nursing and Bachelor concerning Nursing Science, with abbreviations B.Sc.N., B.N., and B.N.Sc.

Paramedicine[edit]

Paramedicine is offered both while that} an undergraduate and a postgraduate road in some countries. The Bachelor concerning Paramedicine (B.Sc.P., B.P., B.H.Sc.P.) is a three- to a five-year undergraduate measure that prepares students happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a occupation in paramedicine, paramedic services or emergency medical services. Countries such while that} Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa own established paramedicine measure programs. The United States does not need a measure happen on the needs of|on behalf of} paramedicine practice.^{[citation needed]}

Veterinary science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Veterinary Science program is mainly a five-year road concerning study that is mandatory happen on the needs of|on behalf of} enhancing a veterinarian. It is plus famous while that} the Bachelor concerning Veterinary Medicine and Surgery at some universities (B.V.M.S.). In the UK, this is a master's measure standard document that retains the label concerning bachelor's happen on the needs of|on behalf of} actual reasons.^[58] In the United States, no bachelor's measure concerning veterinary area of study is given, sole the Doctor concerning Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) measure is.

Pharmacy[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) measure is a daily undergraduate degree happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the custom concerning pharmacy. In the United States, Canada, and France, however, all amount|everything|the whole|the total} colleges concerning pharmacy own now phased out the measure in favor concerning the Pharm.D., or doctor concerning pharmacy, measure or the Ph.D., medic concerning philosophy, measure in pharmacy. Some universities, such while that} the University concerning Mississippi, present with a Bachelor concerning Science in pharmaceutical sciences (B.Sc.P.Sc.) measure while that} a part concerning the seven-year Pharm.D. program after of|following|subsequent to} the conclusion concerning the introductory well years. However, the B.ScP.Sc. measure does not gain qualifications the recipient happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the custom concerning pharmacy, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} which students must earn a Pharm.D. degree.^{[citation needed]}

Public health[edit]

Public health is normally calculated at the master's degree level. The Bachelor concerning Science in Public Health (B.Sc.P.H.) measure is a four-year undergraduate measure that prepares students happen on the needs of|on behalf of} careers in the public, private, or nonprofit sectors in areas such while that} population health, environmental health, condition administration, epidemiology, or condition action and planning.

Medical and condition sciences[edit]

• The Bachelor concerning Health Science (B.H.Sc./BSHS) is a comprehensive measure awarded to students whose studies own focused on condition care, condition sciences, or condition professions. Specific areas concerning study can involve nursing, radiography, condition be interested management, and condition training with of} the other broad areas concerning health sciences. Some BHSc/BSHS programs are intended happen on the needs of|on behalf of} prerequisite study to skilled graduate programs, counting physical therapy, physician assistant studies, and medicine. The measure is typically awarded ensuing well to five years concerning collegiate study.
• The label B.Med.Sc., B.Bio.Med.Sc., B.Med.Sc. or B.V.Med.Sc. is granted to students who own capable in the meadow concerning biomedical science and medical science or veterinary medical area of study respectively. Universities that offer this road involve the University concerning Western Ontario in Canada, University concerning Birmingham in the UK and the University concerning New South Wales, the University concerning Canberra, the University concerning Queensland, the University concerning Sydney, RMIT University, Flinders University, Griffith University, Monash University, Australian National University and the University concerning Melbourne in Australia.
• The measure concerning B.Med.Sc. can exist awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} students completing an intercalated measure whilst studying medicine while that} an intermediate award. The measure concerning B.Med.Sc. may plus exist awarded to an single who, having followed the prescribed road concerning study happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the degrees concerning M.B.Ch.B., does not complete the undergraduate unemotional training. In brief, this is generally awarded after of|following|subsequent to} the candidate has completed in triumph the introductory three years concerning an undergraduate medical measure at positive UK (and Commonwealth) medical institutions.
• The Bachelor concerning Science in anthropoid biology measure is awarded by virtue of a figure of universities around the globe and focuses on biomedical research, condition care, biotech business, pharmaceutical sciences, or a compound thereof.

Kinesiology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Kinesiology measure (B.K. or B.Sc.K.)is a comprehensive measure in the meadow concerning anthropoid group and kinetics. Some schools motionless offer it below the aegis concerning a School concerning Physical Education (B.P.Ed. or B.H.P.Ed.), even though "kinesiology" or "human kinetics" is currently the additional popularly accepted term happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the discipline.

Nutrition and dietetics[edit]

Bachelor concerning Science in Nutrition and Dietetics (B.S.N.D.), Bachelor concerning Food Science and Nutrition (B.F.S.N.) Specific areas concerning study involve unemotional nutrition, food technology, hospitality and services management, research, association worker, condition be interested management, educator, sports science, rural sciences, private custom and other allied condition fields. The measure is awarded ensuing well to six years concerning collegiate study in America (average five years), from three to well in Europe and Australia. In America (especially Latin America) Nutrition per se is separated from Dietetics, where the latter is equivalent to a skilled degree.

Aviation[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Aviation (B.Av.) is awarded to students who complete a four-year road concerning study in the meadow concerning aviation.

Divinity and theology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Divinity, Bachelor concerning Theology, Bachelor concerning Religious Studies, Bachelor concerning Biblical Studies, and Bachelor concerning Religious Education (B.D., B.Th., B.R.S., B.B.S., and B.R.E.) degrees are awarded on conclusion concerning a program concerning study concerning divinity or allied disciplines, such while that} theology, religious studies, or religious education.

Traditionally the B.D. was in reality a graduate measure instead of than a introductory degree, and typically emphasised scholastic theology, biblical languages etc. This has become a smaller daily arrangement, though a B.D. takes precedence on top of a Ph.D. in Cambridge University's charge concerning seniority.

While the theological bachelor's measure is mainly conferred upon conclusion concerning a four-year program, it is plus conferred in some comprehensive three-year programs. From there, the next standard concerning advancement is mainly the Master concerning Divinity (M.Div.), Master concerning Theology (Th.M.), Master concerning Religious Studies, or Master concerning Religious Education (M.R.E.) degree. In the United States the "main line" Protestant clergy typically grip a four-year bachelor's measure in whatever meadow they choose, at that moment earn the M.Div. (Master concerning Divinity) measure in an new three years while that} part concerning preparation happen on the needs of|on behalf of} ordination.

Fine arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Fine Arts (B.F.A.) measure is a comprehensive measure awarded happen on the needs of|on behalf of} courses concerning study in the fine arts, frequently by virtue of an arts college or conservatory, even though it is equally to hand at a significant figure concerning established colleges and universities. In difference to the B.A. or B.S., which are mainly considered to exist scholastic degrees, the B.F.A. is normally referred to while that} a skilled degree, whose recipients own mainly received well years concerning study and grounding in their important meadow while that} compared to the two years concerning study in the important meadow normally found in nearly all established non-Commonwealth Bachelor concerning Arts or Bachelor concerning Science programs.

In the United States, the Bachelor concerning Fine Arts measure differs from a Bachelor concerning Arts measure in that the mass concerning the program consists concerning a practical studio component, while that} contrasted with lecture and debate classes. A archetypal B.F.A. program in the United States consists concerning two-thirds study in the arts, with one-third in additional popular liberal arts studies. For a B.A. in Art, the ratio might exist reversed.

Film and television[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Film and Television (B.F.T.V.) measure is an undergraduate measure happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the study concerning flick and telly making counting areas concerning cinematography, directing, scriptwriting, sound, animation, and typography.

Integrated studies[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Integrated Studies (B.I.S.) is an interdisciplinary bachelor's measure offered by virtue of some universities in the United States and Canada. It allows students to describe a customized and characteristic road concerning study to leading suit their educational and skilled objectives. Generally, this measure is sponsored by virtue of two or additional departments enclosed by the university. Schools which confer the B.I.S. measure involve the University concerning Manitoba, Pittsburg State University, University concerning South Carolina Upstate, Weber State University, Ferris State University, Arizona State University, University concerning Minnesota, Miami University (Ohio), the University concerning Virginia, the University concerning New Brunswick, and Tallinn University concerning Technology amongst others.

Journalism[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Journalism (B.A.J. or B.Sc.J.) measure is a skilled measure awarded to students who own calculated journalism at a four-year accredited university. Not all amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities, however, grant this degree. In the United States, schools be likely to offer the B.A. or B.S. with a important in journalism instead. The world's oldest college concerning journalism at the University concerning Missouri offers a B.J. degree, not to exist puzzled with the bachelor's measure in jurisprudence at Oxford University. In South Africa, Rhodes University has the oldest college concerning journalism in Africa and allows students to grip a fourth-year specialisation to raise their B.A. to B.A.J. status, equivalent to a B.A. (Hons).x

Landscape architecture[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Landscape Architecture (B.L.Arch.) measure is awarded to students who complete the five- (in some countries four-) year road concerning study in the field.

Liberal arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Liberal Arts, Bachelor concerning General Studies, Bachelor concerning Liberal Studies, Bachelor concerning Science in popular studies, or Bachelor concerning Applied Studies (B.L.A., B.G.S., B.L.S., B.Sc.G.S., B.A.S.) measure is at times awarded to students who important in the liberal arts, in general, or in interdisciplinary studies. The Bachelor concerning Professional Studies is awarded to students who important in skilled occupation studies.

Library science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Library Science or Bachelor concerning Library and Information Science (B.L.Sc., B.L.I.Sc.) measure is now and then awarded to students who important in library science, even though Master's concerning library area of study degrees are additional common.

Music[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Music (B.Mus.) measure is a skilled or scholastic undergraduate measure in music at nearly all conservatories in the US and the UK. It is plus commonly awarded at schools concerning music in great private or population universities. Areas concerning study typically involve music performance, music education, music therapy, music composition, scholastic fields (music history/musicology, music theory, ethnomusicology), and may involve jazz, business music, recording technology, sacred music/music ministry, or music business. Small liberal arts colleges and universities without schools concerning music often present with sole B.A. in music, with contrasting sets concerning requirements. (see also: BFA)

Nonprofit studies[edit]

A Bachelor concerning Nonprofit and Nongovernmental Organization Studies is a multidisciplinary meadow that focuses on practices concerning the nonprofit sector. This quarter concerning inquiry examines the management and effectiveness concerning the nonprofit sector, and has sub-areas concerning analysis counting administration, marketing, communication, economics, human resources, philanthropy, ethics, law, information technology, social entrepreneurship, grant writing, policy, fundraising, advocacy, volunteerism and civic engagement.

A variation concerning higher training institutions and analysis organizations are dedicated to the teaching and analysis concerning issues allied to the nonprofit sector. Additionally, single courses enclosed by allied disciplines (e.g. Business, Sociology, Public Policy) examine nonprofit studies in a variation concerning contexts.

Nonprofit studies may plus deliver to studies concerning the voluntary sector, third sector, nongovernmental organizations, or civil society.

Mortuary science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Mortuary Science (B.M.S.) is a skilled undergraduate degree, awarded by virtue of the Cincinnati College concerning Mortuary Science concerning Cincinnati, Ohio and Southern Illinois University Carbondale. It was introduced in 1986 and it is awarded to students that complete 120 semester hours concerning road be employed and pick up short-lived scores on the National Board Exam administered by virtue of The International Conference concerning Funeral Service Examining Boards.^[62]

Philosophy[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Philosophy (B.Phil. or Ph.B.) measure is either an undergraduate or graduate degree. Generally, it entails unconnected analysis or a thesis/capstone project.

Psychology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Arts or Science in Psychology (B.A.Psy., B.Sc.Psy., B.Psych., or Psy.B.) measure is a measure awarded to students who own completed a road concerning study in the meadow concerning psychology. Courses typically most recent five years, though may most recent while that} elongated while that} six. In Nepal, there are three- and four-year courses to hand happen on the needs of|on behalf of} higher-level students. See Psychologist#Licensing and regulation, Training and licensing concerning unemotional psychologists.

Education[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Education measure (B.Ed.) is a four-year undergraduate skilled measure offered by virtue of countless American colleges and universities happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those preparing to exist licensed while that} teachers. Variants involve the B.Ed., B.A.Ed, B.A.T. (Bachelor concerning Arts happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Teaching), and B.S.T. degrees. Preparation happen on the needs of|on behalf of} the M.S. in education, this measure is nearly all often received by virtue of those interested in early childhood, essential level, and special education, or by virtue of those working out to exist college administrators. Secondary standard teachers often important in their issue quarter in preference (i.e., history, chemistry, or mathematics), with a minor in education. Some states need essential teachers to choose a issue important while that} well, and minor in education.

In Canada, the bachelor concerning training is a two-year skilled measure in which students drive specialise in either essential or subordinate education, and that is fascinated after of|following|subsequent to} the conclusion concerning a three or well year bachelor's measure with a important in a teachable subject, such while that} English, French, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, or a collective science. Some universities plus offer concurrent, five year programs with scholar completing both a bachelor's measure in arts or area of study while that} well while that} their B.Ed. The possession concerning a B.Ed. and a succeeding bachelor's measure is mandatory to school in nearly all population anglophone and francophone schools in Canada. The B.Ed. prepares teachers happen on the needs of|on behalf of} conclusion concerning either M.A. (master's concerning arts) programs in education, M.Ed. (masters concerning education) programs, or stake graduate certificates in education.

Science with education[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science and/with Education measure (B.Sc.Ed.) is a measure awarded to students who complete the four- to five-year road concerning study in the meadow concerning area of study (major and minor in General Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics) and education. Although notionally B.Sc. and B.Ed. are two degrees, they must exist fascinated together. The graduates drive be employed while that} area of study (physics, chemistry, biology) teachers in soaring schools, while that} lecturers in pre university colleges and matriculation centers and can progress to postgraduate programs (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in various areas in area of study or education.

Forestry[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Forestry (B.Sc.F.) is a measure awarded to students who complete the four-year road concerning study in the meadow concerning forestry.

Science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science degrees (B.Sc., Sc.B.) along with the Bachelor concerning Arts degrees are the nearly all daily undergraduate degrees given. The Bachelor concerning Applied Arts and Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate measure that bridges scholastic and work-life experiences.

Science in law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Law measure (B.Sc.L.) is a special-purpose measure that allows someone who has had some preceding studies though has not achieved a bachelor's measure to resume his or her training and grip up the study concerning charter with the goal concerning eventually receiving the juris doctor degree.

[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Social Science (B.S.Sc.) is a three- or four-year undergraduate British measure that enables students to specialize in the quarter concerning social science. Compared to the Bachelor concerning Arts, which allows students to study a vast series concerning disciplines, the Bachelor concerning Social Science enables students to advance additional mid and comprehensive knowledge concerning the collective sciences. Many universities place the Bachelor concerning Social Science mid of} the Bachelor concerning Arts and Bachelor concerning Science undergraduate degrees.

[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Social Work (B.S.W.) measure is a four-year undergraduate degree. Usually the introductory two years consist concerning liberal arts courses and the most recent two years focal point on collective be employed classes in anthropoid development, policy/law, research, and practice. Programs accredited by virtue of the Council on Social Work Education need B.S.W. students to complete a smallest concerning 400 meadow training or internship hours. Accredited B.S.W. programs often sanction students who are interested in obtaining a Master concerning Social Work measure to complete the measure in a shorter lot concerning season or forsake courses. In Latin America this is a well to five year measure that can oust liberal arts subjects into condition sciences, resulting in collective be employed while that} a type concerning association study of personality and socioeconomic studies, focused in hospitals, prisons or pedagogy, with of} others.

Technology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Technology measure (B.Tech) is a three- or four-year undergraduate degree. Generally, the program is comparable to a Bachelor concerning Science measure program, which is additionally supplemented by virtue of either occupational placements (supervised practical or internships) or practice-based classroom courses.

Law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Laws (LL.B.) is the prime scholastic measure in charter in nearly all common law countries other than the United States, and anglophone Canada, where it has been superseded by virtue of the juris doctor (J.D.) degree.

Talmudic law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Talmudic Law measure (B.T.L.) or a First Talmudic Degree (F.T.D.) is the measure awarded in nearly all Yeshivas around the United States.

Tourism studies[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Tourism Studies (B.T.S.) measure is awarded to those who complete the four- or five-year road concerning study in tourism, laws regarding tourism, working out and development, marketing, economics, sociology, anthropology, arts and globe antiquity (dependent on the country in which particular takes the course), ticketing, hospitality, computer applications, and much more. The road would own an interdisciplinary approach with a vast series concerning units so the tourismologist skilled would exist able to identify necessary actions toward a sustainable touristic environment focal point on local association uniqueness, values and traditions. As tourism is a growing industry, in India there is a lot concerning opportunity happen on the needs of|on behalf of} those who complete this road concerning study. It is to hand in prefer universities concerning India.

Mathematics[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Mathematics or Bachelor concerning Mathematical Sciences measure (B.Math. and B.Math.Sc.) is specified at the conclusion concerning a four-year honors program or a three-year popular program. Several universities, principally in Canada and Australia, present with such degrees. The usual measure happen on the needs of|on behalf of} mathematics in all amount|everything|the whole|the total} other countries is the B.Sc.

Urban and regional planning[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Urban and Regional Planning or Bachelor concerning Urban Planning or just Bachelor concerning Planning measure (B.U.R.P., B.U.P., or B.Plan) is a measure offered at some institutions while that} a well or five-year^[63] skilled undergraduate measure in urban planning. Programs vary in their focal point on studio be employed and may or may not involve skilled practice.

Public affairs and action management[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Public Affairs and Policy Management measure (B.P.A.P.Mgt.) is a comprehensive four-year honors measure dedicated to the study concerning population action enclosed by an interdisciplinary framework. The measure was created while that} a point return to the changing earth concerning municipal the community and the growing lack happen on the needs of|on behalf of} university graduates who can be employed effectively in the recent action environment.

Innovation[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Innovation is a four-year measure in a series concerning contrasting fields.^[64][65] The important fields, in engineering business, arts, area of study or education, are uniform to their leagued B.A. or B.Sc. degrees. The popular training elements are restructured to provide a daily core concerning innovation, entrepreneurship and team skills.^[66] The measure was created while that} a point return to the increasing pace concerning introduction in today's the community and the lack happen on the needs of|on behalf of} graduates that understanding effective teaming, while that} well while that} the introduction process.

See also[edit]

• Graduate school
• Honours degree
• Licensure
• List concerning admission tests to colleges and universities
• Master's degree
• Validation concerning overseas studies and degrees

References[edit]

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2. ^ "Beyond the honours measure classification, The Burgess Group final report" (PDF). Universities UK. October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
3. ^ "Universities in Morocco". Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
4. ^ (in French) L'enseignement Superieur au Maroc Archived 15 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, p. 11
5. ^ Nigerian Universities Commission "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-05.CS1 maint: Archived copy while that} label (link).
6. ^ National Youth Service Corps http://www.nysc.gov.ng/
7. ^ http://www.utunis.rnu.tn/tbs/ungrad_curric.html
8. ^ "History". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
9. ^ Wanyama, Henry (9 March 2012). "Kenya: State to Upgrade Nine Colleges, Says Kamar" – process of} AllAfrica.
10. ^ "Ranking Web concerning World universities: Top Oceania". Webometrics.info. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
11. ^ Note the Australian measure is "bachelor", not "bachelor's" in authorized documents
12. ^ ^{a b} "Australian Qualifications Framework" (PDF). January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
13. ^ "How to apply, honours". monash.edu.au. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
14. ^ "Alignment concerning the AQF with the New Zealand Qualifications Framework and the European Qualifications Framework: discussion paper" (PDF). Australian Qualifications Framework. September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
15. ^ "Bachelor concerning Science (Honours), Courses and Programs". The University concerning Queensland, Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
16. ^ Note the Australian measure is a "masters", not a "master's" in authorized documents
17. ^ "Australia Country Education Profiles" (PDF). Australian Government Department concerning Education and Training. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-76028-290-5. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
18. ^ "European Union". New Zealand Qualifications Authority. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
19. ^ ^{a b c} "Canadian Degree Qualifications Framework" (PDF). Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance concerning Degree Education in Canada. Council concerning Ministers concerning Education, Canada. 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
20. ^ Panacci, Adam G. (2014). "Baccalaureate Degrees at Ontario Colleges: Issues and Implications". The College Quarterly. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
21. ^ "Penn State College concerning Arts and Architecture". Retrieved 2 July 2013.
22. ^ "WVU Honors College". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
23. ^ Ministério da Educação, Conselho Nacional de Educação, Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução CES/CNE nº 2/2007 Resolução 4/2009. Retrieved from http://portal.mec.gov.br/
24. ^ Assessoria de Comunicação Social. "Diploma dos tecnólogos vale para concurso e pós-graduação". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
25. ^ "Education System: Austria" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
26. ^ "Education System: Belgium" (PDF). EP-Nuffic. January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
27. ^ "Degrees and studies". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
28. ^ https://www.stepstone.dk/om-jobsoegning/karrierecenter/viden-om/udvikling/kandidatgraden-goer-dig-relevant-i-arbejdsmarkedets-oejne?lang=da
29. ^ "Greece EQF Referencing Report" (PDF). European Commission. November 2016. p. 31–34. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
30. ^ ^{a b} "Hellenic Qualifications Framework (HQF) Levels". EOPPEP Organization.(in Greek)(in English)
31. ^ "Greece EQF Referencing Report" (PDF). European Commission. November 2016. p. 54. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
32. ^ Citizens' questions. Dutch Department concerning Education, Culture and Science.
33. ^ What happen on the needs of|on behalf of} label may I bear after of|following|subsequent to} completing a promotion? Postbus 51.
34. ^ Note: the English prefix 'Mr.' corresponds to the Dutch prefix 'mr.', message a 'meester in de rechten', i.e., a Master concerning Law, or the English equivalent LL.M.
35. ^ "Intercalated Degrees". School concerning Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing. University concerning Glasgow. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
36. ^ "Intercalated Degree concerning Medical Science". The Medical School. University concerning Sheffield. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
37. ^ "The UK Database concerning Intercalated Medical, Dental and Veterinary Courses". intercalate.co.uk. Hull York Medical School. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
38. ^ "University awards framework" (PDF). University concerning Oxford. 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
39. ^ "Undergraduate". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
40. ^ "The Faculty concerning Law". University concerning Cambridge. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
41. ^ "Regulations happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University concerning Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion concerning BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
42. ^ "Two-year Honours Degrees Offered: The 'fast-track' Degrees Will Be Piloted at Five Universities". BBC News, 18 April 2006, accessed 8 October 2007: "Students in England can carry out honours degrees in two years, below recent 'fast track' plans to save season and money."
43. ^ "Bachelor's + Master's in Just Three Years". University concerning Buckingham. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
44. ^ Cook, Chris (23 June 2011). "UCL place to leave ancient measure classifications. Other British universities to follow suit and adopt US-style grading". Financial Times.
45. ^ "Higher training glory system happen on the needs of|on behalf of} England: guidance on scholastic glory arrangements in higher training in England". Quality Assurance Agency. August 2008. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
46. ^ "Compare contrasting qualifications". Gov.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
47. ^ ^{a b c} "Employer's guide to scottish higher education" (PDF). AGCAS Scotland. April 2008. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
48. ^ Green, Chris (23 July 2008). "Studying in Scotland: Our friends in the north". Independent.
49. ^ "The Framework happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Qualifications concerning Higher Education Institutions in Scotland". Quality Assurance Agency. June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
50. ^ "Standard Terminology: Glossary concerning Terms happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Taught Degrees". University concerning Glasgow. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
51. ^ "Assessment and Award concerning Credit". University concerning Stirling. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
52. ^ "Dundee – Scottish University". Retrieved 18 July 2017.
53. ^ "The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework". Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework. Archived from the original on 16 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
54. ^ "The Frameworks happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Higher Education Qualifications concerning UK Degree-Awarding Bodies". Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 17. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
55. ^ "Design and Industry, San Francisco State University". Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
56. ^ "List concerning Majors: Office concerning the University Registrar: University concerning Delaware". Udel.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
57. ^ "Electrical and Computer Engineering | University concerning Waterloo". Ece.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
58. ^ ^{a b c} "The Frameworks happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Higher Education Qualifications concerning UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016. First degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary area of study comprise an united programme concerning study and skilled custom spanning a figure of levels. While the final outcomes concerning the qualifications themselves typically run into the expectations concerning the descriptor happen on the needs of|on behalf of} a higher training document at standard 7/level 11, these qualifications may often retain, happen on the needs of|on behalf of} actual reasons, titles concerning Bachelor concerning Medicine/Bachelor concerning Surgery, Bachelor concerning Dental Surgery, Bachelor concerning Veterinary Medicine, or Bachelor concerning Veterinary Science and are shortened to MBChB or BM BS, BDS, BVetMed, and BVSc, respectively.
59. ^ "Medicine". Debrett's. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
60. ^ "The Frameworks happen on the needs of|on behalf of} Higher Education Qualifications concerning UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. October 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
61. ^ "Medical Training in the UK". British Medical Association. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016. Individuals in F1 posts pick up a salary and are allowed to use the courtesy label 'Dr'.
62. ^ "Bachelor". Ccms.edu. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
63. ^ "Bachelor concerning Urban Planning". College concerning Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, University concerning Cincinnati. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
64. ^ Boult, T. E., Chamillard, A. T., Lewis, R., Polok, N., Stock, G., & Wortman, D. (2009). Innovations in University Education in Innovation: Moving Beyond the B.Sc. International Journal concerning Innovation Science, 1(4), 167–178.
65. ^ Wits, W. W., Bakker, H. M., & Chechurin, L. S. (2012). Towards multidisciplinary support tools happen on the needs of|on behalf of} introduction tasks. Procedia CIRP, 2, 16–21
66. ^ "What is the BI?". Retrieved 29 June 2015.

External links[edit]

• College.gov, US Department concerning Education
• "Education and Learning: Bachelor's Degrees: Qualifications Explained" UK Government site listing qualifications happen on the needs of|on behalf of} bachelor's degrees in the UK
• "Meaning concerning the Baccalaureate", National Forum on College Level Learning (US) Statistical Pilot Study concerning the Baccalaureate (2004)

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