Bachelor's Degree - Wikipedia What's A Bachelor Degree In Education

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A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded via colleges also universities upon end concerning a course concerning swot (up) continuing three to seven years (depending on top of establishment also academic discipline). In some institutions also educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can sole be present delighted while that} graduate or postgraduate degrees finish of|following|subsequent to} a first degree has been completed. In countries escorted by qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are generally particular concerning the major levels in the scheme (sometimes two levels where non-honours also honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), while some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be present at other levels (e.g., MBBS) also some qualifications escorted by non-bachelor's titles may be present classified while that} bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA also Canadian MD).

The expression bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too little or poor to get together vassals under his own banner. By the end concerning the 13th century, it was plus cast-off via junior members concerning guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word baccalaureus came to be present joined escorted by bacca lauri ("laurel berry") in reference to laurels animal awarded designed to meet the needs of scholastic success or honours.^[1]

Under the British system, also those influenced via it, undergraduate scholastic degrees are differentiated in the middle of honours degrees (sometimes denoted via the complement concerning "(Hons)" finish of|following|subsequent to} the degree abbreviation) also non-honours degrees (known variously while that} pass degrees, ordinary degrees or general degrees).^[2]

An honours degree broadly requires a higher scholastic standard than a go by or past degree, also in some systems an more twelve months concerning swot (up) on the other side of the non-honours bachelor's. Some countries, such while that} Australia, New Zealand also Canada, hold a postgraduate "bachelor escorted by honours" degree. This may be present delighted while that} a consecutive scholastic degree, continuing on top of from the end concerning a bachelor's degree program in the similar field, or while that} part concerning an combined honours program. These programs typically lack of} end concerning a full-year stretched inquiry proposition project.

Variations[edit]

Africa[edit]

In the majority African countries, the university systems follow the representation concerning their erstwhile colonizing power. For example, the Nigerian university organization is uniform to the British system, at the same time as the Ivorian organization is akin to the French.

Algeria[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in Algerian universities are called "الليسانس" in Arabic or la licence in French; the degree generally takes three years to complete also is a part concerning the LMD ("license", "master", "doctorate") reform, students can enroll in a bachelor's degree program in changed fields concerning swot (up) finish of|following|subsequent to} having obtained their baccalauréat (the federal minor education test). The degree is typically identical to the program concerning France's universities, while that} specified in the LMD reform. Bachelor's degree programs cover up the majority concerning the fields in Algerian universities, except some fields, such while that} Medicine also Pharmaceutical Science.

Botswana[edit]

Bachelor's degrees at the University concerning Botswana generally catch four years. The organization draws on top of both British also American models. Degrees are classified while that} First Class, Second Class Division One (2:1), Second Class Division Two (2:2) also Third while that} in English degrees, however requiring animal described while that} honours. The main degrees are named via British customs (Arts, Science, Law, etc.), however in recent years there hold been a digit concerning degrees named finish of|following|subsequent to} particular subjects, such while that} Bachelor concerning Library also Information.

Morocco[edit]

In Morocco, a bachelor's degree is referred to while that} al-ʾijāzah (Arabic, French: licence). The course concerning swot (up) takes three years, which are to a greater degree divided into two cycles. The first round comprises the first, or propaedeutic, year. After successfully completing their first two years, students can engage in either pure specialization (études fondamentales) or professional specialization (études professionnelles). The second round is particular twelve months finish of|following|subsequent to} whose end students accept the licence d'études fondamentales or the licence professionnelle.^[3] This scholastic degree organization was introduced in September 2003.^[4]

Nigeria[edit]

University admittance is highly competitive, escorted by attendant advantages also disadvantages. Nonetheless, it takes four to five years to complete a bachelor's degree. In cases concerning poor performance, the season deadline is matching the standard amount concerning time. For example, particular may not swot (up) designed to meet the needs of spare than 10 years designed to meet the needs of a five-year course. Students are generally asked to leave provided they necessity catch longer. Nigerian universities give to} B.Sc., B.Tech. (usually from Universities concerning Technology), B.Arch. (six years), also other comprehensive undergraduate degrees, such while that} B.Eng. Science undergraduate degrees may lack of} six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES (Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme) however it is generally mandatory designed to meet the needs of total amount|everything|the whole|the total} engineering degrees. A semester designed to meet the needs of job work/thesis is required, not excluding course work, through the bachelor proposition in the latest year. The classifications concerning degrees: first-class, second-best (upper also lower), third-class (with honours; i.e., B.Sc. (Hons)) also a go by or past (no honours). First- also second-best graduates are immediately eligible designed to meet the needs of foremost postgraduate degrees (i.e., M.Sc. also Ph.D.), however other classes may be present prescribed designed to meet the needs of an more postgraduate diploma earlier than such eligibility.^[5]

Furthermore, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} graduating students are obliged to perform the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) requirement, which generally takes particular year, finish of|following|subsequent to} which they are eligible to engage in higher degrees. The NYSC is a paramilitary system that involves students' animal posted to changed parts concerning the land to serve in various capacities. Principal objectives concerning the NYSC are to forge federal cohesion, encourage students to apply their obtained judgment to solving problems concerning rural Nigeria, also others. The NYSC was established via charter finish of|following|subsequent to} the Nigerian Civil War.^[6]

Polytechnical schools (polytechnics) in Nigeria are not considered universities. They are mandated to educate technicians concerning tall calibre; they give to} the OND (ordinary federal diploma) also the HND (higher federal diploma). The polytechnics focus greatly strongly on top of practical technological training. The B.Sc. also HND are compared in engineering circles, however there are significant differences in grounding philosophies.

Honours degrees in Nigeria are differentiated sole on top of the basis concerning performance. Honours degrees include the first-class degree, second-best degrees (upper also lower) also the third-class degree, however not the pass. All university students necessity perform an unrelated inquiry job which applies the judgment obtained through the past years concerning study.

The job earn a living necessity be present submitted in the semester earlier than gauge also generally takes a significant digit concerning points. Further course earn a living is not precluded through the job work, however the courses are fewer also are at an foremost level. Project earn a living is orally defended earlier than the ability also earlier than peers. In the sciences also engineering a rally concerning the job is generally required. The exceptions are pure work, designed to meet the needs of which a media job is required.

South Africa[edit]

In South Africa, an honours degree is an more postgraduate qualification in the similar quarter while that} the undergraduate major, also requires at smallest particular to a greater degree twelve months concerning swot (up) while that} expertly while that} a inquiry report.

Tunisia[edit]

In Tunisia, a bachelor's degree is referred to while that} al-ʾijāzah in Arabic, or la license in French; the degree takes three years to complete also is a part concerning the LMD (license, master, doctorat) reform, students can enroll in a bachelor's degree program in changed fields concerning swot (up) finish of|following|subsequent to} having obtained their baccalauréat (the federal minor education test). The degree is typically identical to the program concerning France's universities, while that} specified in the LMD reform. Most universities in Tunisia give to} the 3-year bachelor's degree, except some fields, which are Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, Architecture also Bachelor concerning Science in Business Administration, solely offered via Tunis Business School also lasts 4 years.^[7]

Kenya[edit]

In Kenya, university education is supported via the government,.^[8] A bachelor's degree is awarded to students who successfully complete a three to seven-year course depending on top of the quarter concerning study. For the majority degree programs, a inquiry job also an internship period finish of|following|subsequent to} which a report is written via the student is a necessity earlier than the student is allowed to graduate. In 2012, a digit concerning select colleges were upgraded to university rank in a bid to increase the intake concerning students into degree programs.^[9]

Asia[edit]

Bangladesh[edit]

In Bangladesh, universities also colleges present with three- also four-year degrees (three-year degrees courses are called go by or past courses also four-year degree courses are called honours courses) in branch of knowledge also business (B.Sc., B.B.S., B.B.A., four-year also three months^{[clarification needed]}, etc.) also three- also four-year degrees in arts (B.A., B.S.S., etc.). Engineering universities contribute four-year degree programs designed to meet the needs of bachelor's degree courses concerning swot (up) (B.Sc. in Eng also B.Sc.). Medical colleges hold five-year degree programmes (MBBS, BDS). In charter education there is a two-year LL.B. degree finish of|following|subsequent to} completing three years in a B.A. program designed to meet the needs of a grand total concerning five years concerning study. There is plus a four-year LL.B. honours degree. The Bachelor concerning Architecture (B.Arch.) also Bachelor concerning Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) are professional degrees awarded to students who complete a five-year course concerning swot (up) in the land at some universities. All concerning these programs proceed finish of|following|subsequent to} achieving the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC—in grand total 12 years concerning institute education).

China[edit]

Since the undergraduate education organization in China is modeled finish of|following|subsequent to} its American counterpart, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} the degrees are adapted from those concerning the United States excepting the set free concerning the degree certificate. Once a student has fulfilled his/her course requirements, a pass warrant determination be present given. In charge to become the degree, a student necessity finish also go by or past the dissertation stage; sole at that point determination he or she be present awarded a degree credentialed via the Ministry concerning Education concerning the People's Republic concerning China. Four years concerning education is the standard length, while some nonpublic tiny colleges not credentialed via the Ministry concerning Education perform give to} three-year programs. Normally, on 90% concerning graduates are able to obtain a degree; however, of course not degree is awarded escorted by excellence or honor. It is plus referred to while that} a "Xueshi" (学士).

Fiji[edit]

The colonial connection also the establishment concerning the University concerning the South Pacific in 1968 allowed the education organization to follow costume from the degree organization concerning the Commonwealth. University concerning the South Pacific is the sole university in the Oceania country to be present internationally recognized outside Australia also New Zealand escorted by its bachelor's also other awards program. It is plus the highest ranked in the university ranking in the island country also plus ranked upon some Australian universities equivalent to the University concerning Canberra, University concerning Sunshine Coast also New Zealand universities equivalent to Lincoln University also Waikato Institute concerning Technology.^[10]

India[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in India generally catch 3 years concerning swot (up) to complete, while courses equivalent to B.E./B.Tech. or MBBS catch longer. A BE/BTech generally takes 4 years, at the same time as an MBBS generally takes 5 years to complete. Most concerning the Science, Commerce, also Arts degrees are honours degrees escorted by electives chosen via the student.

Common bachelor's degrees also abbreviations:

• Bachelor concerning Arts: BA
• Bachelor concerning Business Administration: BBA
• Bachelor concerning Science: BSc
• Bachelor concerning Commerce: Bcom
• Bachelor concerning Computer Applications: BCA
• Bachelor concerning Laws: LLB
• Bachelor concerning Engineering: BE
• Bachelor concerning Technology: BTech
• Bachelor concerning Education: BEd (BEd degrees are offered finish of|following|subsequent to} end concerning a 3-year undergraduate coursework.)
• Bachelor concerning Medicine, Bachelor concerning Surgery: MBBS

For scholastic grading organization in India, refer to this page.

Students generally start their Bachelor's finish of|following|subsequent to} completing their Secondary School coursework(also popular while that} +2) from a land or nonpublic board.

Iran[edit]

In Iran, students can swot (up) changed undergraduate or postgraduate courses major to a BSc or an MSc that is recognised also same to uniform qualifications designated in other countries. There are essentially two major sort concerning universities in Iran, population universities also non-public universities. Most concerning non-public universities in Iran are part concerning Islamic Azad University, which hold branches in total amount|everything|the whole|the total} cities through Iran. In Iran, the population universities hold considerably higher standing than the non-public ones also getting an passage to particular concerning them is spare difficult. Students can plus contribute four years concerning education major to a B.Sc.

Indonesia[edit]

In Indonesia, the majority concerning the current bachelor's degrees are domain-specific degrees. Therefore, there are maybe spare than 20 bachelor's degrees. For instance, S.Psi designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Psikologi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Psychology/B.Psy., B.A."), S.T. designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Teknik (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Engineering"), S.Si. designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Sains (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Science"), S.Farm designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Farmasi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Pharmacy"), S.E designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Ekonomi (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Economy"), S.Kom. designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Ilmu Komputer (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Computer Science"), or S.Sos. designed to meet the needs of Sarjana Ilmu Sosial (literally translated while that} "Bachelor concerning Social Sciences"). In the past, the Indonesian scholastic organization adopted the getting on European/western degrees, such while that} the Ir (insinyur from Dutch ingenieur) designed to meet the needs of an engineering degree also the usual scholastic degree (doktorandus from Dutch also ultimately Latin doctorandus) designed to meet the needs of a degree in either social or natural sciences.

Jordan[edit]

Since the undergraduate education organization in Jordan is modeled finish of|following|subsequent to} its American counterpart, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} the degrees are adapted from those concerning the United States excepting the set free concerning the degree certificate. Once a student has fulfilled his/her course requirements, a pass warrant determination be present given. In charge to become the degree, a student necessity finish also go by or past the dissertation stage; sole at that point determination he or she be present awarded a degree credentialed via the Ministry concerning Higher Education concerning the Hashemite Kingdom concerning Jordan. Four years concerning education is the standard length.

Nepal[edit]

In Nepal, the bachelor's degree was initially a three-year program designed to meet the needs of courses equivalent to Bachelor concerning Business Studies (B.B.S.), Bachelor concerning Sciences (B.Sc.)., Bachelor concerning Education (B.Ed.), Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A.) from Tribhuvan University, Pokhara University, Purbanchal University also Kathmandu University however nowadays it is mostly a four-year program designed to meet the needs of new courses equivalent to Bachelor concerning Business Administration (B.B.A.), Bachelor concerning Business Information System (B.B.I.S.), Bachelor concerning Information Management (B.I.M.), Bachelor concerning Engineering (B.E.), Bachelor concerning Science in Computer Studies also Information Technology (B.Sc).C.S.I.T. Some bachelor's programs are motionless three years long, such while that} the Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A) also Bachelor concerning Education (B.Ed). It is completed finish of|following|subsequent to} 10+2 position (High School) or Diploma or any other same position concerning studies. Bachelor concerning Business Administration (B.B.A), Bachelor concerning Information Management (B.I.M.), Bachelor concerning Business Information Systems (B.B.I.S.), Bachelor concerning Engineering, also Bachelor concerning Science in Computer Science also Information Technology (B.Sc.C.S.I.T.) are a few popular bachelor's degree programs. B.Sc. also B.B.Sc. hold newly turned into four-year programs from three-year programs. In Nepal, Tribhuvan University while that} an oldest also biggest University based on top of digit concerning student also scholastic department, Kathmandu University, Purbanchal University, Pokhara University, Nepal Sanskrit University also other new district universities are operating currently. M.B.A. also B.B.A. from total amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities are examined under the organization concerning percentage also G.P.A, also traditional university courses are accessed on top of division base equivalent to go by or past division, second division, first division also distinction. In Nepal, there is of course not top up, honors also exchange or linked tie up degree courses licensed also practiced via Nepalese Government also other educational institutions, however today, affiliation escorted by overseas universities, online also distance education are popular escorted by the little modern working population. M.B.A., B.B.A., B. Pharmacy, B. Sc. Nursing, Bachelor concerning Nursing (B.N.), B. E. are in tall professional demand in Nepalese market. For admittance in a University, a compulsory admittance test designated via the own University is to be present passed via a student in charge to become stationing in an affiliated college concerning that University designed to meet the needs of the particular topic category. In the test, a unconnected allowance is plus awarded designed to meet the needs of females also disadvantaged groups to create difference also equality.

Malaysia[edit]

Institutes concerning higher education in Malaysia contribute three or four years concerning education major to a B.Sc. Hons Degree. The standards concerning categorization is approaching consistent in the midst of Malaysian Universities. Candidates who excel in their scholastic results determination be present awarded a First Class Bachelor Hons Degree (usually 3.67 CGPA also above), followed via Class Second Upper (usually in the middle of 3.00–3.66 CGPA), Class Second Lower (usually 2.50–2.99 CGPA), Class Three (usually 2.00–2.49 CGPA) also General Degree (Without Honours), designed to meet the needs of generally 1.99 also below CGPA candidates.

Pakistan[edit]

In Pakistan, arts, commerce, also branch of knowledge colleges contribute four-year bachelor's degrees (BA, BSc, BBA, BCom, etc.). Generally these programs are concerning four years term while that} elsewhere in the planet also proceed finish of|following|subsequent to} completing higher minor institute education via receiving a Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) acknowledging one's twelve years concerning swot (up) via the own board. After successful end concerning these programs, a bachelor's degree is awarded via the own university. Engineering also medical colleges contribute four- also five-year degree programs, respectively, designed to meet the needs of bachelor's degrees (BE/BS/BSc Engg also MBBS) that plus proceed finish of|following|subsequent to} higher minor institute twelve months 12. The Bachelor concerning Architecture (BArch) degree program is concerning five years' duration.

Philippines[edit]

In the Philippines, where the expression "course" is commonly cast-off to refer to a bachelor's degree major, course concerning swot (up) or program, several undergraduate categories exist—the two the majority usual degrees awarded animal Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.) also Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A. or A.B.). Specializations ("majors") in economics, business administration, social work, agriculture, nursing, accountancy, construction also engineering are offered while that} B.S. degrees in the majority colleges also universities. The last-mentioned three specializations lack of} five years concerning schooling, in contrast to the standard concerning four years. Other usual degrees are Bachelor in Education (B.Ed.) also Bachelor concerning Laws (LL.B., a professional degree). Being patterned finish of|following|subsequent to} the United States, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities also colleges give to} gauge escorted by honors—cum laude, magna cum laude, also summa cum laude.

Republic concerning Korea[edit]

Universities, colleges, also institutions concerning higher education contribute the bachelor's degree, called 'haksa' (Korean: 학사). For example, a university student who majored in lore also graduates obtains a B.A., called 'munhaksa' (Korean: 문학사). Even provided he or she does not go to an establishment concerning higher learning, a person can become a bachelor's degree through the Bachelor's Degree Examination designed to meet the needs of Self-Education.

Sri Lanka[edit]

Recognised institutes concerning higher education sole are authorised to present with degrees in Sri Lanka. Three years full-time bachelor's degree requiring an quarter concerning specialization is popular while that} a popular degree. A degree escorted by a specialization (in accounting, chemistry, plant biotechnology, zoology, physics, engineering, IT, law, etc.) is popular while that} an honours degree also requires four years (120 credits or more) concerning swot (up) also spare entrance qualifications. A degree in medicine, an M.B.B.Sc., requires a least concerning six years.

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

In Australia, a "bachelor degree"^[11] is generally a three to four-year program, major to a degree at position 7 concerning the Australian Qualifications Framework.^[12] Entry to a digit concerning professions, such while that} charter system also teaching, lack of} a bachelor's degree (a 'professional' degree). Other degrees, such while that} Bachelor concerning Arts don't naturally elicit entry into a profession, even if numerous organisations lack of} a bachelor's degree designed to meet the needs of employment.

A one-year postgraduate bachelor honours degree at can be present achieved while that} a consecutive stand-alone course following a bachelor's degree in the similar field, or while that} an more twelve months while that} part concerning a bachelor's degree program.^[12] The honours course is generally sole open to those who perform expertly in their bachelor's degree program also involves swot (up) at a spare foremost position than that bachelor's degree.^[13] Both the bachelor also bachelor honours degrees are aligned escorted by position 6 concerning the EQF, the similar while that} British also Irish bachelor's degrees escorted by also requiring honours, also other Bologna Process first round qualifications.^[14]

Some bachelor's degrees (e.g. engineering also green science) include an combined honours degree while that} part concerning a four-year program. Honours is broadly designed to meet the needs of students who want to catch up a inquiry route designed to meet the needs of postgraduate studies, also increasingly designed to meet the needs of those who want an more edge in the job market. Marking scales designed to meet the needs of Honours differ; generally, First Class Honours (85–100%) denotes an excellent standard concerning achievement; Second Class Division 1 (75–84%) a tall standard; Second Class Division 2 (65–74%) a good standard; Third Class (50–64%) satisfactory standard; a latest mark below 50% is a fail concerning the course.

Bachelor honours degrees include a major Independent inquiry component, allowing students to develop skills that determination empower them to proceed to to a greater degree swot (up) or to earn a living in inquiry roles in industry.^[15] First-class or second-best (upper division) honours are broadly prescribed designed to meet the needs of entry into doctoral programs (e.g. PhDs, etc.); an choice route to doctoral swot (up) is by a "masters degree".^[16][17]

New Zealand[edit]

In New Zealand, sole recognised institutions—usually universities also polytechnics—have degree-awarding powers.

Most bachelor's degrees are three years full-time, however certain degrees, such while that} the Bachelor concerning Laws also the Bachelor concerning Engineering degrees, lack of} four years concerning study. A Bachelor escorted by Honours is a program concerning four years term (e.g., Bachelor concerning Arts escorted by Honours). A Bachelor concerning Medicine degree requires a least concerning six years.

Where students opt to swot (up) two bachelor's degrees simultaneously—referred to while that} a "conjoint degree" or "double degree"—an more twelve months concerning swot (up) is added. The digit concerning years concerning swot (up) prescribed is determined based on top of the degree escorted by the greatest digit concerning years. For example, a B.Com. degree requires three years concerning full-time study, however a matching B.Com.–LL.B. degree determination lack of} five years concerning full-time swot (up) because the LL.B. degree is four years long. Exceptional students may choose to complete a degree in a shorter amount concerning season via pleasing on top of more courses, generally escorted by the help concerning summer school. Students who complete a matching degree program determination hold two unconnected bachelor's degrees at the end concerning their studies.

Consistently high-performing students may plus be present invited to complete the 'honours' program. The Bachelor escorted by Honours generally requires an more twelve months concerning swot (up) escorted by an more honours thesis/dissertation. This degree is considered to drop in the middle of the bachelor's also master's levels on top of the European Qualifications Framework.^[18] An honours present with is indicated via the complement concerning "Hons." to the degree title or résumé (for example, "Bachelor concerning Laws (Hons.)"). Some honours degree courses plus give to} a postgraduate diploma (PGDip) while that} an exit qualification, which generally consists concerning the similar workload however escorted by added flexibility. A PGDip does not generally lack of} a dissertation. However, the student may complete particular provided desired. A diploma present with is indicated via "PGDip" also the degree land (for example, "PGDipArts" or "PGDipScience".

The Americas[edit]

Usually the country presents Associates, Bachelor's, Master's, doctoral, also postdoctoral degrees.

Canada[edit]

Education in Canada is governed separately via all county also territory, however a usual scheme designed to meet the needs of degrees was agreed via the Council concerning Ministers concerning Education, Canada in 2007. This adopted descriptors designed to meet the needs of bachelor's, master's also doctoral degrees that were deliberately uniform to those defined via the Bologna Process.^[19]

Under the framework, four popular forms concerning bachelor's degree are defined: popular programs providing a broad education also preparing graduates designed to meet the needs of graduate-entry professional programs or work generally; in-depth scholastic programs in a particular topic that form graduates designed to meet the needs of postgraduate swot (up) in the land or work generally; applied programs that concentrate on top of a understanding concerning system as opposed to than knowledge; also professional programs, generally (but not exclusively) graduate-entry, that form graduates to system while that} professionals in a particular field. This last category included graduate-entry degrees titled while that} provided they were doctorates, such while that} MD, JD also DDS degrees – regardless of their names, these are considered bachelor's degrees.^[19]

Bachelor's degrees may catch either three or four years to complete also are awarded via colleges also universities. In numerous universities also colleges bachelor's degrees are differentiated either while that} bachelor's or while that} honours bachelor's degrees. The expression "Honours" is an scholastic distinction, which indicates that students necessity achieve their bachelor's degree escorted by a sufficiently tall general classify subject average; in addition, some programs may lack of} spare education than non-honours programs. The honours degrees are sometimes designated escorted by the résumé in brackets concerning '(Hon(s))'.

Going in reverse in history, the Bachelor escorted by Honours (Latin baccalaureatus cum honore, French baccalauréat spécialisé) was traditionally delighted while that} the highest undergraduate degree. The program requires at smallest 4 years concerning studies, escorted by strong emphasis on top of the research-based Honours Seminar Thesis which is considered approximately same to a aloof master's thesis. Universities show the academic degree while that} expertly while that} the possible honours difference (Latin honors) on top of the Diploma (e.g., "BACCALAUREATUS ARTIUM CUM HONORE ... CUM LAUDE").

In Quebec, students hold to go through a least concerning two years concerning college earlier than entering, designed to meet the needs of example, a three-year Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.) or a four-year Bachelor concerning Engineering (B.Eng.) program. As a consequence, there is of course not de jure "honors degree" (although some universities market some concerning their programs while that} animal de facto honors degrees in their English-language materials^{[citation needed]}), however there are some specializations called "concentrations" in French, which are mostly delighted while that} optional courses.

In the county concerning Ontario, the huge majority concerning bachelor's degrees offered via Ontario universities are scholastic in nature. On the other hand, Ontario provincial legislation requires bachelor's degrees offered via Ontario colleges to be present applied also vocationally-focused.^[20]

United States[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in the United States are typically designed to be present completed in four years concerning full-time study, while some programs (such while that} engineering or architecture)^[21] generally catch five, also some universities also colleges sanction ambitious students (usually escorted by the help concerning summer school, who are pleasing numerous classes all semester or who hold living glory from tall institute Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate course exams) to complete them in while that} little while that} three years. Some US colleges also universities hold a unconnected scholastic route popular while that} an "honors" or "scholars" program, broadly offered to the top percentile concerning students (based on top of GPA), that offers spare challenging courses or spare individually directed seminars or inquiry projects in lieu concerning the standard core curriculum. Those students are awarded the similar bachelor's degree while that} students completing the standard curriculum however escorted by the notation in cursu honorum on top of the transcript also the diploma. Usually, the upon Latin honors are unconnected from the notation designed to meet the needs of this honors course, however a student in the honors course broadly necessity maintain grades worthy concerning at smallest the cum laude notation anyway.^[22] Hence, a pass might accept a diploma Artium Baccalaureatum rite or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in the frequent course or Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum in the honors course.

If the student has completed the requirements designed to meet the needs of an honors degree sole in a exact rule (e.g., English dialect also literature), the degree is designated accordingly (e.g., B.A. escorted by Honors in English). In this case, the degree candidate determination complete the average curriculum designed to meet the needs of total amount|everything|the whole|the total} subjects except the selected rule ("English," in the preceding example). The requirements in either situation generally lack of} end concerning exact honors seminars, unrelated inquiry at a position higher than generally prescribed (often escorted by greater individual supervision via ability than usual), also a written honors proposition in the major subject.

Many universities also colleges in the United States present with bachelor's degrees escorted by Latin honors, generally (in ascending order) cum laude ("with honor/praise"), magna cum laude ("with vast honor/praise"), summa cum laude ("with highest honor/praise"), also the occasionally seen maxima cum laude ("with maximal honor/praise"). Requirements designed to meet the needs of such notations concerning honors broadly include least grade subject averages (GPA), escorted by the highest usual prescribed designed to meet the needs of the summa difference (or maxima, when that difference is present). In the situation concerning some schools, such while that} Bates College, Carleton College, Colby College, Middlebury College, Guilford College, Franklin College Switzerland, also larger universities equivalent to the University concerning Virginia, Princeton University, North Carolina State University, University concerning Massachusetts Amherst, a senior thesis designed to meet the needs of degrees in the humanities or laboratory research designed to meet the needs of natural science (and sometimes social science) degrees is plus required. Five notable exceptions are Reed College, Massachusetts Institute concerning Technology, The Evergreen State College, Sarah Lawrence College, also Bennington College, which perform not hold deans' lists, Latin honors recognitions, or undergraduate honors programs or subjects.

Mexico[edit]

Bachelor's degrees may catch an usual concerning five years (from four to five years) to complete depending on top of the course pack also the program also they are awarded via colleges also universities. Medicine is from 6 to 7 years. Each college has its own curriculum also requirements escorted by an emphasis concerning their choice, governed separately via all land concerning the republic. After finishing total amount|everything|the whole|the total} the subjects the student lack of} a latest work, which means the end concerning exact honors seminars, inquiry also development or a written proposition in a exact field. Mexico's regulations established while that} an obligation in charge to accept their license also heading the fulfillment concerning a "Social Service" to the nation (usually designed to meet the needs of those who finished their studies in a population institution) while that} a remuneration to the community in the form concerning social actions, the benefits, while that} students, were received through training. This requirement takes on six months to particular twelve months depending on top of the sort concerning degree. Bachelor's degree should not be present falsely linked escorted by its Spanish cognate "Bachiller", which designate a must designed to meet the needs of matriculate in a career or bachelor studies. The official title designed to meet the needs of a bachelor's degree in Mexico is "Licenciado" also such studies are referred while that} "Licenciatura".

Bachelor's degrees should not be present bewildered escorted by Engineering Degrees, where an Ingeniería is prefixed to the title also requieres more courses designed to meet the needs of certification while that} an Engineer.

Brazil[edit]

In Brazil, a bachelor's degree takes from three years to six years to complete depending on top of the course pack also the program. A bachelor's degree is the heading sought via Brazilians in charge to be present a professional in a certain quarter concerning human knowledge. Master's also doctoral degrees are more degrees designed to meet the needs of those seeking an scholastic career or a particular understanding concerning a field.

Even requiring a aloof grip to the Bologna system, a Brazilian "bachelor's" would correspond to a European "first cycle." A Brazilian "bachelor's" takes three to six years^[23] designed to meet the needs of completion, while that} expertly while that} generally a written monograph or concluding project, in the similar way that a European bachelor's can be present finished in three to four years, finish of|following|subsequent to} which season Europeans may climb aboard on top of a one- to two-year 2nd round program generally called a "Master's", according to the Bologna Process.

Depending on top of programs also individual choices, Europeans can achieve a master's degree in while that} little while that} four years (a three-year bachelor's also a one-year Master's) also while that} stretched while that} six years (a four-year bachelor's, a two-year Master's) concerning higher education. In Brazil it would be present possible to hold a specialization "lato-sensu" degree—which differs from a Brazilian "stricto-sensu" master's degree—in while that} little while that} three years (two years designed to meet the needs of a "tecnólogo"^[24] degree also an more twelve months designed to meet the needs of a specialization) or while that} stretched while that} eight years (six years designed to meet the needs of professional degrees, plus two years designed to meet the needs of a master's "stricto-sensu" degree—typical in cure or engineering).

Colombia[edit]

In Colombia, minor institute has two milestones, in 9th also 11th grades. After completing the first 4 years concerning minor institute (6th, 7th, 8th also 9th grades), a student is considered to hold completed the basic minor institute at the same time as finish of|following|subsequent to} completed the last two years (10th also 11th grades) is considered to hold completed "bachillerato" or tall institute diploma.

This degree can be present either scholastic (the the majority common) or:

• military, designated via military specialised schools. It provides the turn designed to meet the needs of male students not to go to if not compulsory military service.
• commercial, which grants students focused skills on top of accountancy.
• technical, which grants students focused skills on top of technological abilities such while that} electricity, mechanics also linked matters.
• Academic, which grants students focused skills on top of elementary education.

After graduating from high-school, hopeful students necessity catch a nationwide exam that determines their eligibility to apply designed to meet the needs of their needed program, depending on top of the score the student achieves on top of the exam. In Colombia, the organization concerning scholastic degrees is uniform to the US model. After completing their "bachillerato" (high school), students can catch particular concerning three options. The first particular is called a "Profesional" (professional career), which is uniform to a bachelor's degree requiring from four to six years concerning swot (up) according to the chosen program, However, strictly-career-related subjects are delighted from the greatly opening unlike US where focused career-related subjects generally are part concerning the curriculum from the third year. The other alternative is called a "Técnico" (technician); this degree consists concerning sole two also a fifty per cent years concerning swot (up) also prepares the student designed to meet the needs of technological or mechanical labors. Finally, the third alternative is called a "Tecnólogo" (equivalent to an associate degree), also consist concerning 3 years concerning study. A technological institute gives to the student, finish of|following|subsequent to} a program concerning two years, an under pass degree in areas equivalent to software development, networks also IT, accountancy, nursing also other areas concerning shape services, mechanics, electricity also technic-like areas.

Universities give to} pass degrees in ICFES endorsed programs equivalent to medicine, engineering, laws, accountancy, business control also other professional areas. A archetypal undergraduate program generally takes 10 or 11 semesters also some (i.e. medicine) lack of} an more period concerning system or system to apply designed to meet the needs of the degree. A student who has obtained an undergraduate degree can opt to keep on studying a career finish of|following|subsequent to} completing their undergraduate degree via continuing onto Master's also Doctorate degrees. They can plus choose to a specialization in certain fields concerning swot (up) via doing an more year.

ICFES is the federal authority designed to meet the needs of education quality.

Guyana[edit]

In Guyana, the universities give to} Bachelor programs in changed streams equivalent to Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A), Bachelor concerning Science in Nursing, Design also Arts, Liberal Arts, Psychology, Doctor concerning Medicine (MD) also other shape branch of knowledge programs. These programs are delivered via University concerning Guyana, Texila American University, Green Heart Medical University, Lesley university also numerous spare offers these bachelor programs.

Costa Rica, El Salvador also Venezuela[edit]

In these countries, there are two titles that should not be present confused:

1. High institute students who go by or past their bachillerato or tall institute exams obtain a warrant concerning Bachiller en Educación Secundaria ("bachelor's degree in minor education"), which is required in charge to enter a university also is generally requested via companies in their profiles.
2. University students obtain a bachillerato degree in their own fields finish of|following|subsequent to} completing four years concerning education, also a licenciatura degree completing particular spare twelve months concerning studies (and meeting other requisites unique to all institution), same to a worldwide bachelor's degree, enabling them to earn a living while that} professionals in their chosen areas; designed to meet the needs of example, a Bachiller en Enseñanza Secundaria ("bachelor's degree in minor teaching") enables a person to earn a living while that} a tall institute teacher. Currently, the inclination is designed to meet the needs of universities not to give to} a bachelor's degree also to give to} instead a licentiate's or "Ingeniero" degree finish of|following|subsequent to} five years concerning education.

Europe[edit]

Bachelor's degrees be present in approaching every single land in Europe. However, these degrees were sole newly introduced in some Continental European countries, where bachelor's degrees were unknown earlier than the Bologna process. Undergraduate programs in Europe general lead to the following the majority widely accepted degrees:

• Bachelor concerning Science degree (B.Sc.), 35%–40% concerning undergraduate programs;
• Bachelor concerning Arts degree (B.A.), 30%–35% concerning undergraduate programs;
• Bachelor concerning Laws degree (LL.B.), 1% concerning grand total programs, however widely accepted in the charter discipline.

The lie down concerning the programmes typically lead to Bachelor concerning Engineering degree (B.Eng.), Bachelor concerning Business Administration degree (B.B.A.), or other variants. Also, associate degrees are rising in favour on top of the undergraduate position in Europe.

On a per-country, per-discipline also sometimes even per-institute basis, the term concerning an undergraduate degree program is typically three or four years, however can series NEwer from three to six years. This is an significant factor in the student's decision-making process.

Austria[edit]

The factual situation in Austria was greatly uniform to that in Germany, escorted by the traditional first degrees animal the Magister also the Diplom, which are master's-level qualifications. From 2004, bachelor's degrees hold been reintroduced while that} part concerning the Bologna Process reforms. These can be present planned at universities, major to a bachelor's degree (BA or BSc) finish of|following|subsequent to} three or four years, also at Fachhochschulen (universities concerning applied science), major to a Bachelor (FH) finish of|following|subsequent to} three years.^[25]

Belgium[edit]

Education in Belgium is run via the dialect communities, escorted by unconnected higher education systems animal administered via the Flemish Community also the French Community. Both systems hold been reformed to align escorted by the Bologna Process, the Flemish Community from 2003 also the French Community from 2004. In the Flemish Community, bachelor's degrees may be present either scholastic or professional. These degrees last three years, also may be present followed in both cases via a spare foremost Bachelor-na-bachelor diploma, continuing particular twelve months (c.f. the Australian bachelor honours degree). All concerning these qualifications are at position 6 on top of the EQF, to which the Flemish Qualification Framework was referenced in June 2011. In the French Community, universities present with grade de bachelier (3 years) while that} the same concerning bachelor's degrees. Outside concerning universities, professional programs may be present type long (long type) or type court (short type), both concerning which are offered at Hautes Ecoles also Ecoles Supérieures des Arts. The type long takes in a grade de bachelier (type long) (3 years), which is followed via a master degree (1 or 2 years), at the same time as the type court has a grade de bachelier professionnalisant (type court) (3 years), which may be present followed via a bachelier de spécialisation (1 year). All bachelier degrees (including the bachelier de spécialisation) are same to position 6 concerning the EQF, however hold not been formally referenced.^[26]

Croatia[edit]

Most universities also colleges in Croatia today give to} a three-year bachelor program, which can be present followed up typically escorted by a two-year master's (graduate) program.

• Upon end concerning undergraduate professional studies, students are awarded the professional heading concerning Professional Bachelor, shortened bacc. (baccalaureus or stručni prvostupnik in Croatian) escorted by a reference to a specialisation.
• Undergraduate university studies generally last designed to meet the needs of three to four years also upon completion, students are awarded an scholastic heading concerning Bachelor, shortened univ. bacc. (baccalaureus or sveučilišni prvostupnik in Croatian).^[27]

Academies that specialize in the arts, e. g. the Academy concerning Fine Arts in Zagreb, hold four-year bachelor's programs followed via a one-year master's.

Czech Republic[edit]

Historically, the baccalareus was the undergraduate degree awarded to students who graduated from the course concerning trivium (grammar, dialectic also rhetoric) at a ability concerning enlightened arts (either at the Charles University or at the University concerning Olomouc). It was a necessary must to keep on either escorted by the ability concerning enlightened arts (quadrivium major to a master's degree also to a greater degree to a doctoral degree) or to swot (up) at particular concerning the other three factual faculties—law, cure or theology.

A bachelor's degree, shortened Bc.A., in the land concerning good arts, also Bc. (Bakalář in Czech) in other fields is awarded designed to meet the needs of accredited undergraduate programs at universities also colleges.

The huge majority concerning undergraduate programmes offered in the Czech Republic hold a standard term concerning three years.

In the Czech tertiary education system, the majority universities also colleges today give to} a three-year bachelor program, which can be present followed up typically escorted by a two-year master's (graduate) program. Some specializations, such while that} doctors concerning cure also veterinary doctors, hold exceptions from the popular organization in that the sole alternative is a six-year master's program escorted by of course not bachelor stage (graduate escorted by heading doctor). This is awaited mainly to the problem concerning meaningfully splitting up the education designed to meet the needs of these specialisations.

Denmark[edit]

The bachelor's degree was re-introduced at universities in Denmark in 1993, finish of|following|subsequent to} the original degree (baccalaureus) was abandoned in 1775. The bachelor's degree is awarded finish of|following|subsequent to} three or four years concerning swot (up) at a university also follows a plan quite uniform to the British one. Two bachelor's degrees are designated at the university position today:

• Bachelor concerning Science (B.Sc.), awarded to students escorted by main focus on top of scientific, medical, or technological areas;
• Bachelor concerning Arts (B.A.), awarded to students whose main focus is on top of humanistic, theological, or jurisprudence areas.

However, both in the business also the scholastic planet in Denmark, the bachelor's degree is motionless considered to be present "the first half" concerning a master's (candidatus). It is generally not considered a degree in its own right^[28], regardless of the politicians' best attempts to make it spare accepted.

The bachelor's degree has plus been cast-off since the late 1990s in a digit concerning areas equivalent to nursing also teaching. Usually referred to while that} a "Professional Bachelor" (Danish: professionsbachelor), these degrees generally lack of} 3 to 4​¹⁄₂ years concerning combined pure also practical swot (up) at a professed "(professional) university college" (Danish: professionshøjskole) or "business academies" (Danish: "erhvervsakademier"). These professional bachelor's degrees perform donation access to some university Master's program. These professional bachelor's degrees are considered to be present a replete education.

Faroe Islands[edit]

Bachelor's degrees in the Faroe Islands are much the similar while that} in Denmark.

France[edit]

The traditional bachelor's degree is the same concerning the French Licence three-year degree. Since the new European organization concerning 2004 LMD Bologna course was founded, it has become standard to recognize a bachelor's degree over three years escorted by a licence degree, a master's degree over five years, also a doctorate over eight years.

Some nonpublic institutions are however literally naming their degrees Bachelor's, Master's also Executive, such while that} the Bordeaux MBA/Collège International de Bordeaux. None concerning them are accredited via the French State, however give to} uniform course subjects, structures also methods to those found in Anglo-Saxon institutions.

Germany[edit]

Historically, the bachelor's degree, called "Bakkalaureus", existed in Germany since the late Middle Ages. But it was abolished via the educational reforms undertaken in 1820. The Abitur degree — the latest degree received in institute finish of|following|subsequent to} a comprehensive 'college phase' concerning two years — replaced it, also universities sole awarded pass degrees.

The Magister degree, a pass degree, was awarded finish of|following|subsequent to} five years concerning study. In 1899, a second pass degree, the Diplom, was introduced when the Technische Hochschulen (TH) received university status. With the introduction concerning the Universities concerning Applied Sciences, a shortened variety concerning the latter, referred to while that} Diplom (FH) also designed to catch three to four years, was phased in in the middle of 1969 also 1972.

However, in 1998, in charge to comply escorted by the European Bologna process, a new educational charter reintroduced the bachelor's degree (first degree finish of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning study) in Germany. Today, these degrees can be present called either "Bakkalaureus" or "Bachelor" (in accordance escorted by federal law), however the English expression is spare common. According to the Bologna model, the Bachelor is followed via the post-graduate master's degree concerning another two years. The traditional degrees concerning Diplom also Magister were mostly abolished in 2010, while the Diplom motionless persists in a few subjects also universities also has been reintroduced while that} choice degree in some places.

The traditional degrees hold been re-mapped to the new European Credit Transfer also Accumulation System (ECTS) subject organization to make them comparable to the new bachelor's degree. Traditional also Bologna course degrees are ranked while that} follows in Germany:

• Bachelor: 180, 210, or 240 ECTS points required;
• Diplom FH: 240 ECTS;
• Diplom Uni or TH: 300 ECTS;
• Master: 300 ECTS (including bachelor).

Greece[edit]

The Greek bachelor's degree is called πτυχίο (Latinised version: Ptychion). It is earned finish of|following|subsequent to} four to six years concerning undergraduate studies, depending on top of the field, also is a first round degree in the Bologna Process escorted by 240 or spare ECTS credits.^[29] It is placed at position 6 concerning the national qualifications framework concerning Greece, the Hellenic Qualifications Framework (HQF),^[30] which is referenced to position 6 concerning the European Qualifications Framework.^[31] It is classified while that} a position 6 degree in the International Standard Classification concerning Education. The erstwhile go by or past or normal bachelor's degree, signified via "(Pass)" or "(Ord)" prescribed 210 ECTS credits also was plus at position 6 concerning the HQF.^{[citation needed]}

The bachelor's degree is provided via total amount|everything|the whole|the total} Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), plus universities, specialist HEIs, formerly technological educational institutes (TEIs).

Previously, TEI undergraduate degrees prescribed ​3 ¹⁄₂ years concerning study, also conferred a degree legally same to a bachelor's (ord) degree. This degree was abandoned also TEIs nowadays present with a 4-year bachelor's degree. Technical universities also some universities give to} a 5-year (300 ECTS) undergraduate program major to a Δίπλωμα (Greek) Diploma (integrated-master-level-granting, Master's degree equivalent) at Level 7 concerning the HQF.^[30]

Italy[edit]

The getting on four-, five-, or six-year laurea organization was abandoned in the early 2000s while that} per the Bologna process, escorted by some exceptions such while that} charter institute or medical school. The bachelor's degree, called "Laurea triennale" (three-year degree) or simply "Laurea", takes three years to complete (note that Italian students pass from tall institute at years 19) also grants access to pass degrees (known while that} "Laurea Magistrale"). In charge to graduate, students necessity receive 180 credits (ECTS) also write a proposition designed to meet the needs of which students hold to elaborate on top of an argument under the supervision concerning a professor (generally from three to eight ECTS). Graduation marks go from 66 to 110. According to all ability internal ruling, a lode may be present awarded to candidates escorted by a 110/110 mark designed to meet the needs of recognition concerning the excellence concerning the latest project.

Netherlands[edit]

In the Netherlands, the Bachelor concerning Arts also Master concerning Arts degrees were introduced in 2002. Until that time, a single program that led to the doctorandus degree was in effect, which comprised the similar course pack while that} the bachelor's also Master's programs leave together. (The doctorandus heading was in make use of designed to meet the needs of approaching total amount|everything|the whole|the total} fields concerning study; other titles were cast-off designed to meet the needs of judicial studies (meester) also engineering (ingenieur).) Those who had previously started the doctorandus program could, upon completing it, opt designed to meet the needs of the doctorandus degree (before their name, shortened to 'drs.'), or simply make use of the master's degree (behind their name) in accordance escorted by the new standard. Since these graduates perform not hold a unconnected bachelor's degree (which is in fact—in retrospect—incorporated into the program), the master's degree is their first scholastic degree.

In 2003/2004, the Dutch degree organization was changed because concerning the Bologna process. Former degrees included:

• baccalaureus (bc. designed to meet the needs of bachelor, corresponding to a B.A.Sc. or B.A.A. degree, it may be present formally rendered while that} "B", followed via the specialization field, instead concerning "bc.")
• doctorandus (prefix shortened to drs.; it corresponds to M.A. or M.Sc., however it may be present formally rendered while that} M instead concerning drs.),^[32]

ingenieur

• ing. designed to meet the needs of graduates concerning the four-year courses offered via Dutch higher vocational colleges (HBO, that is; hoger beroepsonderwijs) see: university concerning applied science. It is uniform to a B.A.Sc., B.Eng., B.B.E., B.A.S. or B.I.C.T. (B.I.T.), also it may be present formally rendered while that} B followed via the specialization field, instead concerning ing.
• ir. designed to meet the needs of those having graduated from technological university finish of|following|subsequent to} a least concerning five years, corresponding to a M.Sc., however it may be present formally rendered while that} M, instead concerning ir.),
• meester in de rechten (mr.; it corresponds to LL.M., however it may be present formally rendered while that} M instead concerning mr.) and
• doctor (dr.; it corresponds to Ph.D., however it may formally be present rendered while that} D instead concerning dr.)^[33] are motionless granted along escorted by their worldwide equivalents.^[34]

While the titles ing., bc., ir., mr., drs. also dr. are cast-off earlier than one's own name, the degrees B, M or D are mentioned finish of|following|subsequent to} one's name. It is motionless allowed to make use of the traditional titles.

Whether a bachelor's degree is granted via a hogeschool or university is highly relevant since these counterpart systems concerning higher education hold traditionally served quite changed purposes, escorted by the vocational colleges mainly concentrating on top of skills also practical training. A B.A. or B.Sc. from a university grants "immediate" entry into a master's program. Moreover, this is generally considered a formality to sanction students to switch to overseas universities master's programs. Meanwhile, those having completed a HBO from a vocational college, which represented the highest possible position concerning vocational education available, can sole keep on to a "master's" on top of end concerning a challenging twelve months concerning more study, which in itself can serve while that} a sort concerning selection process, escorted by the prospective M.Sc. students animal prescribed to cover up a vast deal concerning ground in a single year.

Recently, HBO (vocational) master's degrees hold been introduced in the Netherlands. Graduates thereof may make use of neither the extension "of Arts" (M.A.) nor "of Science" (M.Sc.). They may make use of an M followed via the land concerning specialization (e.g., M.Des).

This twelve months concerning swot (up) to "convert" from the vocational to scholastic (WO-wetenschappelijk onderwijs, literally "scientific education") is plus popular while that} a "bridge" or "premasters" year. Note that regardless of the make use of concerning the jargon "university concerning applied science" the higher vocational colleges are not considered to be present "universities" enclosed by the Netherlands.

Important aspects concerning Dutch bachelor's degree courses (and others) relative to some concerning those offered overseas include:

• Duration. While in numerous countries courses are completed in a designated season under average circumstances, degree courses offered at some (though via of course not means all) Dutch institutions, plus the the majority prestigious, can sole be present completed in three years via the best performing students.
• Academic year. The Dutch scholastic twelve months has a aloof term concerning 42 weeks. In system students are generally expected also prescribed to spend a vast deal concerning the "free" season revising designed to meet the needs of examinations. This is not always true elsewhere, while that} in numerous countries a greatly stretched summer break is delighted or examinations are earlier than the winter break as opposed to than after.
• Learning curve. Some education systems, notably the British one, involve a kind introduction through the first year. This is broadly not the situation in the Netherlands, escorted by the problem position in the first twelve months serving while that} a sort concerning "self-selection" escorted by less committed also less able students routinely finding it difficult to keep up.

In February, 2011, the Dutch State Secretary concerning Education definite to adhere to the recommendations written in a report via the Veerman Commission. In the near future, the difference in the middle of scholastic also higher vocational degrees determination disappear.

North Macedonia[edit]

In 2003, the German-style education organization was changed to fit in to the ECTS because concerning the Bologna process. The living scholastic degree granted escorted by a diploma was transformed into a baccalaureus (bachelor's degree). The universities generally present with a bachelor's degree finish of|following|subsequent to} three years (following which, a master's degree determination be present two years long) or four years (following which, a master's degree determination be present particular twelve months long).

Norway[edit]

A bachelor's degree in Norway requires three years concerning fultime studies. There are some exceptions, designed to meet the needs of specimen physiotherapy.

Poland[edit]

In Poland, the licentiate degree corresponds to the bachelor's degree in Anglophone countries. In Polish, it is called licencjat. To obtain the licencjat degree, particular necessity complete three years concerning study. There is plus a uniform degree called developer (inżynier) which differs from the licencjat in that it is awarded via technological universities also the program generally lasts designed to meet the needs of 3.5 years. After that, the student can keep on education designed to meet the needs of 2 or 1.5 years, respectively, to obtain a magister degree, which corresponds to a master's degree.

Portugal[edit]

Presently, the Portuguese same concerning a bachelor's degree is the licenciatura, awarded finish of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning swot (up) (four in some few cases) at an accredited university or polytechnical institution. It is an undergraduate first swot (up) round program which is prescribed to advance into to a greater degree studies such while that} master's degree programs.

Before the Bologna course (2006/2007), the bacharelato (bachelor's degree) existed in the Portuguese higher education system. It prescribed three years concerning study, animal roughly same to the immediate licenciatura. At that time, the licenciatura referred to a licentiate's degree (equivalent to the immediate master's degree), which prescribed generally five years concerning study. A licenciatura could plus be present obtained via performing two years concerning swot (up) finish of|following|subsequent to} obtaining a bacharelato.

Today, the erstwhile also current licenciatura degrees are referred in Portugal, respectively, while that} pre-Bologna also post-Bologna licenciaturas.

Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan also Armenia[edit]

The specialist's degree (Russian: специалист), (Ukrainian: спецiалiст) was the first scholastic difference in the Soviet Union, awarded to students upon end concerning five-year studies at the university level. The degree can be present compared both to the bachelor's also master's degree. In the early 1990s, Bakalavr (Бакалавр, "bachelor") degrees were introduced in total amount|everything|the whole|the total} the countries concerning the Commonwealth concerning Independent States except Turkmenistan. After the bakalavr degree (usually four years), particular can receive a master's degree (another particular or two years) at the same time as preserving the getting on five-year expert scheme.

Spain[edit]

In Spain, awaited to the current transition to a representation compliant escorted by the Bologna agreement, accurate equivalents to the archetypal Anglo-Saxon bachelor's degree also master's degree are animal implemented progressively. Currently, there is an undergraduate bachelor's degree called "Título de Grado" or simply "Grado" (its term broadly animal four years), a postgraduate master's degree called "Título de Máster" or "Máster" (between particular also two years), also a doctor's degree called "Título de Doctor" or "Doctorado". The "Título de Grado" is nowadays the must to access to a Master study. The "Título de Máster" is nowadays the must to access to doctoral studies, also its term also the kind concerning institutions that can train these programs are regulated in the scheme concerning the European Higher Education Area.

Up until 2009/2010, the organization was split into three categories concerning degrees. There were the professed first-cycle degrees: "Diplomado" or "Ingeniero Técnico", escorted by nominal durations contrasting in the middle of three also four years; there were plus second-cycle degrees: "Licenciado" or "Ingeniero" escorted by nominal durations contrasting in the middle of four also six years; also finally the third-cycle degrees: "Doctor." The official first-cycle degrees are comparable in terms concerning duration, scope, also educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's degree. Meanwhile, the second-cycle degrees are comparable in terms concerning duration, scope, also educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's + Master's degrees combination provided compared escorted by the Anglo-Saxon system. In this traditional organization the access to doctoral studies was granted sole to the holders concerning "Licenciado", "Ingeniero" or "Arquitecto" (second-cycle) degrees, also the "Master" or "Magister" titles were unregulated (so, there coexisted professed "Master" programs escorted by changed durations, from some months to two years, backed via universities or centers requiring any official recognition) also sole the reputation concerning the program/institution could in reverse them.

Sweden[edit]

The Swedish same concerning a bachelor's degree is called kandidatexamen. It is earned finish of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning studies, concerning which at smallest a twelve months also a fifty per cent in the major subject. A proposition concerning at smallest 15 ECTS credits necessity be present included in the degree. Previously, there was a Bachelor concerning Law degree (juris kandidat) which prescribed 4.5 years concerning study, however this degree nowadays has a new name, juristexamen (and is nowadays a master's degree called "Master concerning Laws").

Switzerland[edit]

Like Austria also Germany, Switzerland did not hold a customs concerning bachelor's also master's degrees. In 2003, finish of|following|subsequent to} the application concerning the Bologna process, bachelor's also pass master's degrees replaced the getting on degrees. As concerning 1 December 2005 the Rectors' Conference concerning the Swiss Universities granted holders concerning a lizentiat or diploma the right to make use of the corresponding master title. As concerning 2006, certificates concerning equivalence are issued via the university that issued the original degree. Currently three to four years concerning swot (up) are prescribed to be present awarded a bachelor's degree. A master's degree determination lack of} another two to three years concerning coursework also a thesis.

United Kingdom[edit]

The bachelor's degree is the standard undergraduate degree in the United Kingdom, escorted by the the majority usual degrees animal the bachelor concerning arts (BA) also bachelor concerning branch of knowledge (BSc). Most bachelor's degree courses (apart from the greatly rare postgraduate awards, also those in medicine, dentistry also veterinary science) lead to honours degrees, escorted by normal degrees broadly sole animal awarded to those who perform not meet the prescribed go by or past mark designed to meet the needs of an honours degree. With the exception concerning the postgraduate bachelor's degrees also bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry also veterinary science, UK bachelor's degrees (whether honours or non-honours) are first round (end concerning cycle) qualifications under the Bologna Process. Postgraduate bachelor's degrees also bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry also veterinary branch of knowledge are second round (end concerning cycle) qualifications. Some bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry also veterinary branch of knowledge give to} intercalated degrees en route to the latest qualification.^[35][36][37]

Bachelor's degrees should not be present bewildered escorted by baccalaureate qualifications, which draw their title from the similar root. In the UK, baccalaureate qualifications, e.g. International Baccalaureate, Welsh Baccalaureate, English Baccalaureate, are gained at minor schools as opposed to than animal degree-level qualifications.

Until the 19th century, a bachelor's degree represented the first degree in a exact faculty, escorted by Arts representing undergraduate study, thus the Bachelor concerning Civil Law (BCL) at Oxford also the Bachelor concerning Laws (LLB) at Cambridge, designed to meet the needs of example, were postgraduate degrees. Vestiges concerning this organization motionless remain in the former universities, escorted by Oxford also Cambridge awarding BAs designed to meet the needs of undergraduate degrees in both arts also sciences (although both present with undergraduate BTh degrees through joined theological colleges, also Oxford awards BFA degrees in complement to the BA) also defining other bachelor's degrees (e.g., BPhil, BCL) while that} postgraduate awards same to master's degrees,^[38][39] while numerous postgraduate bachelor's degrees hold nowadays been replaced via same master's degrees (e.g., LLM designed to meet the needs of the LLB at Cambridge also MSc designed to meet the needs of the BSc at Oxford).^[40][41] The similar factual usage concerning indicating an undergraduate degree via it animal in the ability concerning arts as opposed to than animal a bachelor's degree gives jump up to the Oxbridge MA also the Scottish MA).

Common bachelor's degrees also abbreviations:

• Bachelor concerning Arts: BA
• Bachelor concerning Science: BSc
• Bachelor concerning Laws: LLB
• Bachelor concerning Civil Law: BCL
• Bachelor concerning Engineering: BEng
• Bachelor concerning Education: BEd
• Bachelor concerning Medicine, Bachelor concerning Surgery: MBBS, MBBCh, BMBS, BMBCh
• Bachelor concerning Dental Surgery: BDS

England, Wales also Northern Ireland[edit]

In England, Wales also Northern Ireland, bachelor's degrees generally catch three years concerning swot (up) to complete, while courses may catch four years where they include a twelve months overseas or a stationing year. Degrees may hold titles linked to their broad topic quarter or faculty, such while that} BA or BSc, or may be present spare topic particular (e.g. BEng or LLB). The majority concerning bachelor's degrees are nowadays honours degrees, while this has not always been the situation historically.

Although first degree courses are generally three years (360 credits), direct second twelve months entry is sometimes possible designed to meet the needs of students transferring from other courses or those who hold completed foundation degrees, by accreditation concerning preceding learning or spare aloof glory transport arrangements. Some universities compress the three-year course into two years via teaching designed to meet the needs of a replete calendar twelve months (180 credits) as opposed to than a standard scholastic twelve months (120 credits), thus maintaining the replete 360-credit extent concerning the course.^[42][43]

In complement to bachelor's degrees, some institutions give to} combined master's degrees while that} first degrees in some subjects (particularly in STEM fields). These integrate teaching at bachelor's also master's position in a four-year (five-year provided escorted by industrial experience) course, which generally shares the first two years escorted by the same bachelor's course.

The average scholastic standard designed to meet the needs of bachelor's degrees in England, Wales also Northern Ireland is the honours degree. These are generally classified into particular concerning four classes concerning honours, depending upon the marks gained in examinations also other assessments:

• First study group honours (1st)
• Second study group honours, divided into:
  • Upper division, or top second (2:1)
  • Lower division, or under second (2:2)
• Third study group honours (3rd)

Some institutions hold announced that they intend to point of|follow|succeed|oust} this organization concerning classifying honours degrees escorted by an American-style Grade Point Average.^[44] An ordinary (or unclassified) degree, which sole requires passes worth 300 credits as opposed to than the 360 concerning the honours degree, may be present awarded provided a student has completed the replete honours degree course however has not obtained sufficient passes to receive a degree. Completion concerning just the first two years concerning the course can lead to a Diploma concerning Higher Education also end concerning sole the first twelve months to a Certificate concerning Higher Education.

On the Framework designed to meet the needs of Higher Education Qualifications, standard undergraduate bachelor's degrees escorted by also requiring honours are at position 6, while the courses include education across levels 4 to 6. Honours degrees generally lack of} 360 credits escorted by a least concerning 90 at position 6, at the same time as normal degrees require 300 credits escorted by a least concerning 60 at position 6. Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry also veterinary branch of knowledge are at position 7, escorted by education spanning levels 4 to 7, also are not generally glory rated. The Diploma concerning Higher Education is a position 5 (second twelve months concerning bachelor's degree) degree also requires 240 credits, a least concerning 90 at position 5; The Certificate concerning Higher Education is a position 4 (first twelve months concerning bachelor's degree) degree also requires 120 credits, a least concerning 90 at position 4.^[45]

Other qualifications at position 6 concerning the Framework designed to meet the needs of Higher Education Qualifications or the Regulated Qualifications Framework, such while that} graduate diplomas also certificates, some BTEC Advanced Professional awards, diplomas also certificates, also the graduateship concerning the City & Guilds concerning London Institute are at the similar position while that} bachelor's degrees, while not naturally representing the similar glory volume.^[46]

Scotland[edit]

At Scottish universities, bachelor's degrees (and the same Scottish MA awarded via some institutions) are generally honours degrees, pleasing four years concerning swot (up) (or five escorted by a twelve months overseas or in industry), however may plus be present ordinary degrees (also popular while that} pass, general or designated degrees) requiring three years concerning study. Honours degrees may be present awarded while that} BA (Hons) or MA (Hons) in the arts also social sciences, or BSc (Hons) designed to meet the needs of sciences, or hold spare particular titles such while that} BEng. As in the lie down concerning the UK, combined master's degrees, pleasing five years in Scotland, are plus offered while that} first degrees alongside bachelor's degrees.^[47]

An honours degree may be present directly linked to professional or vocational qualifications, expressly in fields such while that} engineering, surveying also architecture. These courses tend to hold highly specified curricula, leaving students requiring numerous options designed to meet the needs of broader study. Others, following a spare traditional route, start off escorted by a broad series concerning studies across the ability that has admitted the student or, by modular study, across the lot university. Students on top of these courses specialise later in their degree programmes.^[47] Typically degree grades are based sole on top of the latest two years concerning study, finish of|following|subsequent to} a specialisation has been chosen, therefore broader swot (up) courses delighted in the first two years perform not affect the latest degree grade.^[48]

Honours degrees are subdivided into classes in the similar way while that} the lie down concerning the UK, depending on top of the general classify achieved. These are, from highest to lowest; first class, top second study group (2:1), under second study group (2:2), also third class.

Ordinary degrees are awarded to students who hold completed three years at university studying a variation concerning linked subjects.^[49] These may be present delighted over a broad series concerning subjects or (as escorted by honours degrees) escorted by a specialisation in a exact topic (in the last-mentioned case, they are sometimes popular s designated degrees). As normal degrees in Scotland constitute a distinct course concerning study, as opposed to than a classify below honours degrees, they can be present graded (from lowest to highest) while that} "pass", "merit" or "distinction".^[50][51] As in the lie down concerning the UK, Certificates also Diplomas concerning Higher Education may be present earned via those completing particular also two years concerning a bachelor's degree course respectively.^[47]

The first two years, sometimes three, concerning both an normal degree also an honours degree are identical, however candidates designed to meet the needs of the normal degree swot (up) in less depth in their latest twelve months also generally over a wider variation concerning subjects, also perform not generally complete a dissertation. A Scottish normal degree is thus changed from normal degrees in the lie down concerning the UK in comprising a distinct course concerning swot (up) from the honours degree. In keeping escorted by the Scottish "broad education" philosophy, normal degrees (and spare rarely honours ones) may mix changed disciplines such while that} sciences also humanities taught in changed faculties also in some cases even changed universities.^[52]

Bachelor's degrees escorted by honours are at position 10 concerning the Scottish Credit also Qualifications Framework (SCQF) also lack of} 480 credits escorted by a least concerning 90 at position 10 also 90 at position 9. Ordinary degrees are at position 9 also lack of} 360 credits escorted by a least concerning 90 at position 9.^[53] Both honours degrees also normal degrees qualify while that} first round (end concerning cycle) qualifications in the Bologna Process. Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry also veterinary branch of knowledge are at position 11 concerning the SCQF also are second round (end concerning cycle) qualifications in the Bologna Process.^[54]

Turkey[edit]

There are institutions which present with bachelor's degrees in approaching every single city in Turkey. Examples are Ankara University, Bilkent University, Boğaziçi University, Marmara University, Hacettepe University, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul University, Koç University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University, Yeditepe University, also Yildiz Technical University. They total amount|everything|the whole|the total} donation bachelor concerning arts or branch of knowledge degrees upon end concerning an eight-semester course. There are opportunities to undertake a double major. Some universities sanction normal degree students to transport to an honours degree course in the similar topic provided an satisfactory standard is reached finish of|following|subsequent to} the first or second twelve months concerning study, popular in Turkish while that} a "Önlisans Mezunu".^{[citation needed]}

Some concerning the population also nonpublic universities give to} courses taught partly in English, also numerous universities give to} courses entirely in English, such while that} Boğaziçi University, Marmara University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University, also Yeditepe University.

Subjects[edit]

Many other comprehensive bachelor's degrees are offered while that} well. Some are in greatly comprehensive areas, equivalent to the five-year B.I.Des. or B.Sc.I.Des. degree in industrial design.^[55] Others are offered sole at a limited digit concerning universities, such while that} the Walsh School concerning Foreign Service at Georgetown University's Bachelor concerning Science in Foreign Service (BSFS). The University concerning Delaware offers a Bachelor concerning Applied Arts also Science (B.A.A.Sc.) degree, a degree which generally indicates an interdisciplinary course concerning swot (up) designed to meet the needs of numerous majors enclosed by its School concerning Arts also Science.^[56]Stanford University's Bachelor concerning Arts also Science degree is designed to meet the needs of students who are receiving particular degree however who hold completed two arts also sciences majors, particular concerning which would usually lead to the B.A. also particular concerning which would usually lead to the B.Sc.

At numerous institutions particular can sole complete a two-degree program provided the bachelor's degrees to be present earned are concerning changed types (e.g., particular could receive a B.A. in philosophy also a B.Sc.C.Eng. in chemical engineering simultaneously, however a person studying reason also English would accept sole a single B.A. escorted by the two majors). Rules on top of this vary considerably, however.

Agriculture[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Agriculture [B.Sc. (Ag) or B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture] offers a broad grounding in the sciences. The focus concerning this four-year applied degree is on top of the development concerning analytical, quantitative, computing also correspondence skills. Students learn how to apply the judgment also principles concerning branch of knowledge to the understanding also control concerning the production, processing also marketing concerning agricultural products, also to the control also maintenance concerning our natural resources. All students undertake rural land trips also approved professional understanding enclosed by agricultural or horticultural enterprises, natural source management, agribusiness industries, or commercial or executive organisations active in the field.

Architecture also design[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Architecture (B.Arch.) degree is a professional degree awarded to students who complete the five-year course concerning swot (up) in the land at some universities. Many universities give to} a B.Sc. or B.A. (majoring in Architecture) finish of|following|subsequent to} the first three or four years, also at that point a post-graduate diploma, B.Arch. or M.Arch. designed to meet the needs of the following two to four years.

The Bachelor concerning Design (B.Des., or S.Des. in Indonesia) is awarded to those who complete the four- or four-and-a-half-year course concerning swot (up) in design, generally majoring in a particular land concerning design, such while that} middle describe or graphic design.

Arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Arts degrees (B.A., A.B.; plus popular while that} Artium Baccalaureus) along escorted by the Bachelor concerning Science degrees are the the majority usual undergraduate degrees given. Originally, in the universities concerning Oxford, Cambridge also Dublin, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} undergraduate degrees were in the ability concerning arts, hence the title concerning the degree. The Bachelor concerning Applied Arts also Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate degree that bridges scholastic also work-life experiences.

Engineering[edit]

• The Bachelor concerning Engineering degree or Bachelor concerning Applied Science^[57] degree or Bachelor concerning Science in Engineering degree is a professional degree awarded to students who hold completed the three or four-year course concerning swot (up) in engineering. Common abbreviations include B.Eng., B.A.Sc. also B.Sc.Eng. The B.A.I. (baccalaureus in arte ingeniaria) degree is awarded via the University concerning Dublin (Trinity College Dublin). Some South African universities refer to their engineering degrees while that} B.Ing. (Baccalaureus Ingeniaria).
• There are spare particular variants designed to meet the needs of numerous sub fields such while that} B.Sc.E.Eng. (Bachelor concerning Science in Electrical Engineering) also B.S.Eng. (Bachelor concerning Software Engineering).

Business also management[edit]

See: Business education#Undergraduate education.

Computer branch of knowledge also details systems[edit]

There are various undergraduate degrees in information technology incorporating programming, database design, software engineering, networks also details systems. These programs form graduates designed to meet the needs of to a greater degree postgraduate research degrees or designed to meet the needs of work in a variation concerning roles in the information technology industry. The program focus may be present on top of the technological or pure aspects concerning the topic matter, depending on top of which course is taken.

• Theoretically oriented degrees focus on top of computer science also are correspondingly titled. These include the Bachelor concerning Computing (B.Comp.) also Bachelor concerning Computer Science (B.Comp.Sc.) degrees. Computer branch of knowledge is plus offered while that} a major enclosed by the majority Bachelor concerning Science programs.
• The practically oriented degrees cover up numerous disciplines from enclosed by the IT industry plus software engineering, details systems, also data communications. Examples here include the Bachelor concerning Science in Information Technology (B.Sc.I.T.), the Bachelor concerning Computer Applications (B.C.A.), the Bachelor concerning Information Technology, also the Bachelor concerning Applied Science (Information Technology) (B.A.Sc.I.T.)) degrees. Many concerning the disciplines taught while that} part concerning these degrees are covered under other degrees, such while that} engineering, while that} well.
• Degrees combining IT escorted by business swot (up) are plus offered at numerous universities. Specialized programs in information systems—such while that} the bachelor concerning business details systems (BBIS) program—are generally positioned while that} professionally oriented degrees. More popular degrees here would include business degrees, such while that} the B.B.A. or B.Com., escorted by details systems while that} a concentration.

Health care[edit]

Medicine[edit]

In countries following British customs (the University concerning Malta is an exception), medical students engage in an undergraduate medical education also accept bachelor's degrees in cure also surgery (MBBChir, MBBS, BMBS, BM, MBChB, etc.). This was historically delighted at the universities concerning Oxford, Cambridge, also Dublin finish of|following|subsequent to} the initial BA degree, also in Oxford, Cambridge, also Dublin the BA is motionless awarded designed to meet the needs of the initial three years concerning medical study, escorted by the BMBCh, MBBChir, or MBBChBAO, respectively, animal awarded designed to meet the needs of the subsequent cold stage concerning training. Some British universities give a bachelor's degree in science, or medical science, midway through the medical course, also the majority sanction students to intercalate a twelve months concerning spare comprehensive swot (up) designed to meet the needs of an intercalated Bachelor concerning Science (BSc), Bachelor concerning Medical Science (BMedSc), or Bachelor concerning Medical Biology (BMedBiol) degree escorted by honors.

Although notionally MB also BS are two degrees, they necessity be present delighted together. In some Irish universities, a third degree, Bachelor concerning Arts in Obstetrics (BAO), is added. However, this third degree is an anachronism from the 19th century also is not registerable escorted by the Irish Medical Council. In the UK, these qualifications, at the same time as retaining the heading concerning bachelor's degrees, are master's degree position qualifications.^[58]

Use concerning the good manners heading concerning doctor is attached to the profession concerning doctor or doc also is granted via registration, not via earning the qualifying degree. Trainee doctors in the UK are allowed to make use of the heading at one time they proceed their grounding also accept provisional registration.^[59][60][61]

The Canadian MD degree is, regardless of its name, classified while that} a bachelor's degree.^[19]

Dentistry[edit]

Dentistry is offered both while that} an undergraduate also a postgraduate course. In countries following the British model, the first degree in dentistry is the Bachelor concerning Dental Surgery, which is a master's degree position degree in the UK.^[58] In some parts concerning the world, the doctorate concerning dental surgery (DDS) is the usual undergraduate program. Postgraduate courses such while that} the Bachelor concerning Dentistry (B.Dent.)—awarded totally via the University concerning Sydney in Australia—requires a past bachelor's degree.

Midwifery[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Midwifery degree is a professional degree awarded to students who hold complete a three- to five-year (depending on top of the country) course concerning swot (up) in midwifery. Common abbreviations include B.Sc.Mid., B.M., B.Mid., also B.H.Sc.Mid.

Physiotherapy[edit]

Physiotherapy is offered both while that} an undergraduate also a pass course concerning study. Studies major to the Bachelor concerning Physiotherapy (B.P.T.) degree generally constitute the undergraduate program. In the pass program, courses major to a degree such while that} the Master concerning Physiotherapy degree are offered.

In the Canadian province concerning Quebec, French universities give to} both undergraduate also pass courses major to the obtention concerning a Bachelor concerning Science degree escorted by a major in physiotherapy also a Master concerning Science degree comprehensive in physiotherapy. McGill University, the Université de Montréal, also the Université de Sherbrooke are in the midst of the post-secondary institutions that give to} such programs.

Optometry[edit]

Optometry is a four-year or five-year course. Although students pass escorted by a B.Sc. finish of|following|subsequent to} three years concerning study, passing a to a greater degree supervised preregistration twelve months is prescribed to become a fully qualified optometrist. The National Institute concerning Ophthalmic Sciences is in the midst of the post-secondary institutions that give to} such programs. It is the scholastic arm concerning The Tun Hussein Onn National Eye Hospital also the sole eye hospital based establishment in Malaysia.

Nursing[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Nursing degree is a three- to five-year undergraduate degree that prepares students designed to meet the needs of a career in nursing. Often the degree is prescribed to gain "registered nurse", or equivalent, status—subject to end concerning exams in the quarter concerning residence. Sometimes, though, the degree is offered sole to nurses who are previously registered. Alternative titles include Bachelor concerning Science in Nursing also Bachelor concerning Nursing Science, escorted by abbreviations B.Sc.N., B.N., also B.N.Sc.

Paramedicine[edit]

Paramedicine is offered both while that} an undergraduate also a postgraduate course in some countries. The Bachelor concerning Paramedicine (B.Sc.P., B.P., B.H.Sc.P.) is a three- to a five-year undergraduate degree that prepares students designed to meet the needs of a career in paramedicine, paramedic services or emergency medical services. Countries such while that} Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand also South Africa hold established paramedicine degree programs. The United States does not lack of} a degree designed to meet the needs of paramedicine practice.^{[citation needed]}

Veterinary science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Veterinary Science program is broadly a five-year course concerning swot (up) that is prescribed designed to meet the needs of becoming a veterinarian. It is plus popular while that} the Bachelor concerning Veterinary Medicine also Surgery at some universities (B.V.M.S.). In the UK, this is a master's degree position degree that retains the heading concerning bachelor's designed to meet the needs of factual reasons.^[58] In the United States, of course not bachelor's degree concerning veterinary branch of knowledge is given, sole the Doctor concerning Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) degree is.

Pharmacy[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) degree is a usual undergraduate degree designed to meet the needs of the system concerning pharmacy. In the United States, Canada, also France, however, total amount|everything|the whole|the total} colleges concerning pharmacy hold nowadays phased away the degree in favor concerning the Pharm.D., or doctor concerning pharmacy, degree or the Ph.D., doctor concerning philosophy, degree in pharmacy. Some universities, such while that} the University concerning Mississippi, present with a Bachelor concerning Science in pharmaceutical sciences (B.Sc.P.Sc.) degree while that} a part concerning the seven-year Pharm.D. program finish of|following|subsequent to} the end concerning the first four years. However, the B.ScP.Sc. degree does not qualify the recipient designed to meet the needs of the system concerning pharmacy, designed to meet the needs of which students necessity receive a Pharm.D. degree.^{[citation needed]}

Public health[edit]

Public health is generally planned at the master's degree level. The Bachelor concerning Science in Public Health (B.Sc.P.H.) degree is a four-year undergraduate degree that prepares students designed to meet the needs of careers in the public, private, or nonprofit sectors in areas such while that} population health, green health, shape administration, epidemiology, or shape procedure also planning.

Medical also shape sciences[edit]

• The Bachelor concerning Health Science (B.H.Sc./BSHS) is a comprehensive degree awarded to students whose studies hold focused on top of shape care, shape sciences, or shape professions. Specific areas concerning swot (up) can include nursing, radiography, shape be concerned management, also shape education in the midst of the other broad areas concerning health sciences. Some BHSc/BSHS programs are proposed designed to meet the needs of must swot (up) to professional pass programs, plus physical therapy, physician assistant studies, also medicine. The degree is typically awarded following four to five years concerning collegiate study.
• The heading B.Med.Sc., B.Bio.Med.Sc., B.Med.Sc. or B.V.Med.Sc. is granted to students who hold qualified in the land concerning biomedical science also medical science or veterinary medical branch of knowledge respectively. Universities that give to} this course include the University concerning Western Ontario in Canada, University concerning Birmingham in the UK also the University concerning New South Wales, the University concerning Canberra, the University concerning Queensland, the University concerning Sydney, RMIT University, Flinders University, Griffith University, Monash University, Australian National University also the University concerning Melbourne in Australia.
• The degree concerning B.Med.Sc. can be present awarded designed to meet the needs of students completing an intercalated degree whilst studying medicine while that} an halfway award. The degree concerning B.Med.Sc. may plus be present awarded to an isolated who, having followed the prescribed course concerning swot (up) designed to meet the needs of the degrees concerning M.B.Ch.B., does not complete the undergraduate cold training. In brief, this is generally awarded finish of|following|subsequent to} the candidate has completed successfully the first three years concerning an undergraduate medical degree at certain UK (and Commonwealth) medical institutions.
• The Bachelor concerning Science in human biology degree is awarded via a digit of universities about the planet also focuses on top of biomedical research, shape care, biotech business, pharmaceutical sciences, or a combination thereof.

Kinesiology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Kinesiology degree (B.K. or B.Sc.K.)is a comprehensive degree in the land concerning human movement also kinetics. Some schools motionless give to} it under the aegis concerning a School concerning Physical Education (B.P.Ed. or B.H.P.Ed.), while "kinesiology" or "human kinetics" is currently the spare popularly accepted expression designed to meet the needs of the discipline.

Nutrition also dietetics[edit]

Bachelor concerning Science in Nutrition also Dietetics (B.S.N.D.), Bachelor concerning Food Science also Nutrition (B.F.S.N.) Specific areas concerning swot (up) include cold nutrition, food technology, kindness also services management, research, community worker, shape be concerned management, educator, sports science, agricultural sciences, nonpublic system also other allied shape fields. The degree is awarded following four to six years concerning collegiate swot (up) in America (average five years), from three to four in Europe also Australia. In America (especially Latin America) Nutrition per se is separated from Dietetics, where the last-mentioned is same to a technological degree.

Aviation[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Aviation (B.Av.) is awarded to students who complete a four-year course concerning swot (up) in the land concerning aviation.

Divinity also theology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Divinity, Bachelor concerning Theology, Bachelor concerning Religious Studies, Bachelor concerning Biblical Studies, also Bachelor concerning Religious Education (B.D., B.Th., B.R.S., B.B.S., also B.R.E.) degrees are awarded on top of end concerning a program concerning swot (up) concerning divinity or linked disciplines, such while that} theology, religious studies, or religious education.

Traditionally the B.D. was in truth a pass degree as opposed to than a first degree, also typically emphasised scholastic theology, biblical languages etc. This has become a less usual arrangement, however a B.D. takes precedence over a Ph.D. in Cambridge University's charge concerning seniority.

While the doctrinal bachelor's degree is broadly conferred upon end concerning a four-year program, it is plus conferred in some comprehensive three-year programs. From there, the next position concerning advancement is broadly the Master concerning Divinity (M.Div.), Master concerning Theology (Th.M.), Master concerning Religious Studies, or Master concerning Religious Education (M.R.E.) degree. In the United States the "main line" Protestant clergy typically catch a four-year bachelor's degree in whatever land they choose, at that point receive the M.Div. (Master concerning Divinity) degree in an more three years while that} part concerning arranging designed to meet the needs of ordination.

Fine arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Fine Arts (B.F.A.) degree is a comprehensive degree awarded designed to meet the needs of courses concerning swot (up) in the good arts, frequently via an arts institute or conservatory, while it is equally convenient at a significant digit concerning traditional colleges also universities. In contrast to the B.A. or B.S., which are broadly considered to be present scholastic degrees, the B.F.A. is generally referred to while that} a professional degree, whose recipients hold broadly received four years concerning swot (up) also grounding in their major land while that} compared to the two years concerning swot (up) in the major land generally found in the majority traditional non-Commonwealth Bachelor concerning Arts or Bachelor concerning Science programs.

In the United States, the Bachelor concerning Fine Arts degree differs from a Bachelor concerning Arts degree in that the majority concerning the program consists concerning a practical office component, while that} contrasted escorted by lecture also discussion classes. A archetypal B.F.A. program in the United States consists concerning two-thirds swot (up) in the arts, escorted by one-third in spare popular enlightened arts studies. For a B.A. in Art, the ratio might be present reversed.

Film also television[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Film also Television (B.F.T.V.) degree is an undergraduate degree designed to meet the needs of the swot (up) concerning film also the box production plus areas concerning cinematography, directing, scriptwriting, sound, animation, also typography.

Integrated studies[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Integrated Studies (B.I.S.) is an interdisciplinary bachelor's degree offered via a handful of universities in the United States also Canada. It allows students to describe a customized also particular course concerning swot (up) to best costume their educational also professional objectives. Generally, this degree is sponsored via two or spare departments enclosed by the university. Schools which confer the B.I.S. degree include the University concerning Manitoba, Pittsburg State University, University concerning South Carolina Upstate, Weber State University, Ferris State University, Arizona State University, University concerning Minnesota, Miami University (Ohio), the University concerning Virginia, the University concerning New Brunswick, also Tallinn University concerning Technology amongst others.

Journalism[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Journalism (B.A.J. or B.Sc.J.) degree is a professional degree awarded to students who hold planned news media at a four-year accredited university. Not total amount|everything|the whole|the total} universities, however, donation this degree. In the United States, schools tend to give to} the B.A. or B.S. escorted by a major in news media instead. The world's oldest institute concerning news media at the University concerning Missouri offers a B.J. degree, not to be present bewildered escorted by the bachelor's degree in jurisprudence at Oxford University. In South Africa, Rhodes University has the oldest institute concerning news media in Africa also allows students to catch a fourth-year specialisation to raise their B.A. to B.A.J. status, same to a B.A. (Hons).x

Landscape architecture[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Landscape Architecture (B.L.Arch.) degree is awarded to students who complete the five- (in some countries four-) twelve months course concerning swot (up) in the field.

Liberal arts[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Liberal Arts, Bachelor concerning General Studies, Bachelor concerning Liberal Studies, Bachelor concerning Science in popular studies, or Bachelor concerning Applied Studies (B.L.A., B.G.S., B.L.S., B.Sc.G.S., B.A.S.) degree is sometimes awarded to students who major in the liberal arts, in general, or in interdisciplinary studies. The Bachelor concerning Professional Studies is awarded to students who major in professional career studies.

Library science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Library Science or Bachelor concerning Library also Information Science (B.L.Sc., B.L.I.Sc.) degree is sometimes awarded to students who major in library science, while Master's concerning library branch of knowledge degrees are spare common.

Music[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Music (B.Mus.) degree is a professional or scholastic undergraduate degree in music at the majority conservatories in the US also the UK. It is plus commonly awarded at schools concerning music in large nonpublic or population universities. Areas concerning swot (up) typically include music performance, music education, music therapy, music composition, scholastic fields (music history/musicology, music theory, ethnomusicology), also may include jazz, commercial music, recording technology, sacred music/music ministry, or music business. Small enlightened arts colleges also universities requiring schools concerning music generally present with sole B.A. in music, escorted by changed sets concerning requirements. (see also: BFA)

Nonprofit studies[edit]

A Bachelor concerning Nonprofit also Nongovernmental Organization Studies is a multidisciplinary land that focuses on top of practices concerning the nonprofit sector. This quarter concerning inquiry examines the control also effectiveness concerning the nonprofit sector, also has sub-areas concerning inquiry plus administration, marketing, communication, economics, human resources, philanthropy, ethics, law, information technology, social entrepreneurship, grant writing, policy, fundraising, advocacy, volunteerism also civic engagement.

A variation concerning higher education institutions also inquiry organizations are dedicated to the teaching also inquiry concerning issues linked to the nonprofit sector. Additionally, isolated courses enclosed by linked disciplines (e.g. Business, Sociology, Public Policy) examine nonprofit studies in a variation concerning contexts.

Nonprofit studies may plus refer to studies concerning the voluntary sector, third sector, nongovernmental organizations, or civil society.

Mortuary science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Mortuary Science (B.M.S.) is a professional undergraduate degree, awarded via the Cincinnati College concerning Mortuary Science concerning Cincinnati, Ohio also Southern Illinois University Carbondale. It was introduced in 1986 also it is awarded to students that complete 120 semester hours concerning course earn a living also accept passing scores on top of the National Board Exam administered via The International Conference concerning Funeral Service Examining Boards.^[62]

Philosophy[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Philosophy (B.Phil. or Ph.B.) degree is either an undergraduate or pass degree. Generally, it entails unrelated inquiry or a thesis/capstone project.

Psychology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Arts or Science in Psychology (B.A.Psy., B.Sc.Psy., B.Psych., or Psy.B.) degree is a degree awarded to students who hold completed a course concerning swot (up) in the land concerning psychology. Courses typically last five years, however may last while that} stretched while that} six. In Nepal, there are three- also four-year courses convenient designed to meet the needs of higher-level students. See Psychologist#Licensing also regulation, Training also licensing concerning cold psychologists.

Education[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Education degree (B.Ed.) is a four-year undergraduate professional degree offered via numerous American colleges also universities designed to meet the needs of those preparing to be present licensed while that} teachers. Variants include the B.Ed., B.A.Ed, B.A.T. (Bachelor concerning Arts designed to meet the needs of Teaching), also B.S.T. degrees. Preparation designed to meet the needs of the M.S. in education, this degree is the majority generally received via those interested in early childhood, elementary level, also special education, or via those organization to be present institute administrators. Secondary position teachers generally major in their topic quarter instead (i.e., history, chemistry, or mathematics), escorted by a lesser in education. Some states lack of} elementary teachers to choose a topic major while that} well, also lesser in education.

In Canada, the bachelor concerning education is a two-year professional degree in which students determination specialise in either elementary or minor education, also that is delighted finish of|following|subsequent to} the end concerning a three or four twelve months bachelor's degree escorted by a major in a teachable subject, such while that} English, French, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, or a social science. Some universities plus give to} concurrent, five twelve months programs escorted by student completing both a bachelor's degree in arts or branch of knowledge while that} expertly while that} their B.Ed. The possession concerning a B.Ed. also a second bachelor's degree is prescribed to train in the majority population anglophone also francophone schools in Canada. The B.Ed. prepares teachers designed to meet the needs of end concerning either M.A. (master's concerning arts) programs in education, M.Ed. (masters concerning education) programs, or stake pass certificates in education.

Science escorted by education[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science and/with Education degree (B.Sc.Ed.) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four- to five-year course concerning swot (up) in the land concerning branch of knowledge (major also lesser in General Biology, Chemistry, Physics, also Mathematics) also education. Although notionally B.Sc. also B.Ed. are two degrees, they necessity be present delighted together. The graduates determination earn a living while that} branch of knowledge (physics, chemistry, biology) teachers in tall schools, while that} lecturers in pre university colleges also matriculation centers also can growth to postgraduate programs (M.Sc. also Ph.D.) in various areas in branch of knowledge or education.

Forestry[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Forestry (B.Sc.F.) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four-year course concerning swot (up) in the land concerning forestry.

Science[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science degrees (B.Sc., Sc.B.) along escorted by the Bachelor concerning Arts degrees are the the majority usual undergraduate degrees given. The Bachelor concerning Applied Arts also Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate degree that bridges scholastic also work-life experiences.

Science in law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Science in Law degree (B.Sc.L.) is a special-purpose degree that allows someone who has had some preceding studies however has not achieved a bachelor's degree to continue his or her education also catch up the swot (up) concerning charter escorted by the goal concerning eventually receiving the juris doctor degree.

[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Social Science (B.S.Sc.) is a three- or four-year undergraduate British degree that enables students to specialize in the quarter concerning social science. Compared to the Bachelor concerning Arts, which allows students to swot (up) a huge series concerning disciplines, the Bachelor concerning Social Science enables students to develop spare central also comprehensive judgment concerning the social sciences. Many universities point the Bachelor concerning Social Science in the middle of the Bachelor concerning Arts also Bachelor concerning Science undergraduate degrees.

[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Social Work (B.S.W.) degree is a four-year undergraduate degree. Usually the first two years consist concerning enlightened arts courses also the last two years focus on top of social earn a living classes in human development, policy/law, research, also practice. Programs accredited via the Council on top of Social Work Education lack of} B.S.W. students to complete a least concerning 400 land education or internship hours. Accredited B.S.W. programs generally sanction students who are interested in obtaining a Master concerning Social Work degree to complete the degree in a shorter amount concerning season or waive courses. In Latin America this is a four to five twelve months degree that can point of|follow|succeed|oust} enlightened arts subjects into shape sciences, resulting in social earn a living while that} a sort concerning community behaviourism also socioeconomic studies, focused in hospitals, prisons or pedagogy, in the midst of others.

Technology[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Technology degree (B.Tech) is a three- or four-year undergraduate degree. Generally, the program is comparable to a Bachelor concerning Science degree program, which is additionally supplemented via either occupational placements (supervised practical or internships) or practice-based classroom courses.

Law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Laws (LL.B.) is the chief scholastic degree in charter in the majority common law countries other than the United States, also anglophone Canada, where it has been superseded via the juris doctor (J.D.) degree.

Talmudic law[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Talmudic Law degree (B.T.L.) or a First Talmudic Degree (F.T.D.) is the degree awarded in the majority Yeshivas about the United States.

Tourism studies[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Tourism Studies (B.T.S.) degree is awarded to those who complete the four- or five-year course concerning swot (up) in tourism, laws regarding tourism, organization also development, marketing, economics, sociology, anthropology, arts also planet the old days (dependent on top of the land in which particular takes the course), ticketing, hospitality, computer applications, also much more. The course would hold an interdisciplinary approach escorted by a huge series concerning units therefore the tourismologist professional would be present able to identify necessary actions toward a sustainable touristic environment focus on top of local community uniqueness, values also traditions. As tourism is a growing industry, in India there is a lot concerning turn designed to meet the needs of those who complete this course concerning study. It is convenient in select universities concerning India.

Mathematics[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Mathematics or Bachelor concerning Mathematical Sciences degree (B.Math. also B.Math.Sc.) is designated at the conclusion concerning a four-year honors program or a three-year popular program. Several universities, mostly in Canada also Australia, present with such degrees. The usual degree designed to meet the needs of mathematics in total amount|everything|the whole|the total} other countries is the B.Sc.

Urban also district planning[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Urban also Regional Planning or Bachelor concerning Urban Planning or just Bachelor concerning Planning degree (B.U.R.P., B.U.P., or B.Plan) is a degree offered at some institutions while that} a four or five-year^[63] professional undergraduate degree in urban planning. Programs vary in their focus on top of office earn a living also may or may not involve professional practice.

Public affairs also procedure management[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Public Affairs also Policy Management degree (B.P.A.P.Mgt.) is a comprehensive four-year honors degree dedicated to the swot (up) concerning population procedure enclosed by an interdisciplinary framework. The degree was created while that} a direct reply to the changing nature concerning community the community also the growing require designed to meet the needs of university graduates who can earn a living effectively in the new procedure environment.

Innovation[edit]

The Bachelor concerning Innovation is a four-year degree in a series concerning changed fields.^[64][65] The major fields, in engineering business, arts, branch of knowledge or education, are uniform to their joined B.A. or B.Sc. degrees. The popular education elements are restructured to contribute a usual core concerning innovation, entrepreneurship also team skills.^[66] The degree was created while that} a direct reply to the increasing pace concerning innovation in today's the community also the require designed to meet the needs of graduates that understanding effective teaming, while that} expertly while that} the innovation process.

See also[edit]

• Graduate school
• Honours degree
• Licensure
• List concerning admittance tests to colleges also universities
• Master's degree
• Validation concerning overseas studies also degrees

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

• College.gov, US Department concerning Education
• "Education also Learning: Bachelor's Degrees: Qualifications Explained" UK Government area listing qualifications designed to meet the needs of bachelor's degrees in the UK
• "Meaning concerning the Baccalaureate", National Forum on top of College Level Learning (US) Statistical Pilot Study concerning the Baccalaureate (2004)

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